top of page

ืงืžืฆื•ืฅ ืžืกืžื™ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืง

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 22 ื‘ืžืจืฅ

ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ื‘ืคื” ืžืœื ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช:


"ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื, ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื ื™ืืจืขื•ื”ื• ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื [ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืช] ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” [ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™-ื’ื•ืคื ื™]. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฉืœืœื• ืžืžื ื• [ื—ื›ืžื™ื] ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื•ืืžืจื•: 'ืœื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื ืขื•ืจืฃ ื•ืœื ืขื™ืคื•ื™'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืฃ, ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืŸ 'ื•ึฐืขึธืคื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื›ึธืชึตืฃ ืคึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ื' [ื™ืฉ' ื™ื, ื™ื“], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ื“ื—ืคื•ื ื‘ื›ืชืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื ื‘ื”ื. ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: 'ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืžึดื™ ืชึผึฐื“ึทืžึผึฐื™ื•ึผืŸ ืึตืœ ื•ึผืžึทื” ื“ึผึฐืžื•ึผืช ืชึผึทืขึทืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœื•ึน', 'ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืžึดื™ ืชึฐื“ึทืžึผึฐื™ื•ึผื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืฉืึฐื•ึถื” ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื' [ื™ืฉ' ืž, ื™ื—;ื›ื”] โ€“ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื’ื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืชืืจื™ื• ื‘ืชืืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืฉืืœื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• [ื—ื›ืžื™ื]: 'ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื'. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ืจึฐืึดื™ืชึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ืชึผึฐืžื•ึผื ึธื”' [ื“ื‘' ื“, ื˜ื•], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ื”ึดืฉื’ืชื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœื ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ".


ื‘ืจื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื ืชื‘ืขืจื” ื›ืœื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืจื•ื—ืฉืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืžืจื™-ื”ื“ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืกื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืฆื ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆืคื•ืช, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืขื•ืจื” (ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•: 'ื—ื•ืžืจืชื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”'), ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ืœื•):


"ื•ืืชื” ื“ืข, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ื ื‘ื“ืขืชืš ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืื• ืžืื•ืจืข ืžืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืš ืžืงื ื ื•ืžื›ืขื™ืก ื•ืงื•ื“ื— ืืฉ ื•ืžืขืœื”-ื—ึตืžื” ื•ืฉื•ื ื ื•ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ืฆืจ โ€“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”".



ื. ื”ืคื•ื—ื– ื”ื ืคื—ื– ืžืคื•ืกืงื™ื™ืจื


ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื—ื– ืžืคื•ืกืงื™ื™ืจื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ึผื›ื— ื‘ืžืืžืจ: "ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืจืฉืขื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–", ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ืคืง, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”' ื™ื“ ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘"ืžืืžืจ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื" ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ื—ื– ื”ื ืคื—ื– ื•ืขืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื:


"ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืืช ืืœื” ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืžืื“ ื•ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื,ย ื•ื”ื ืžื“ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ [='ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ' ื•ืื™ื ื ืืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืกืœื”], ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช,ย ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืžืœืื• ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืกื“ื•ืช ื›ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื›ื ืฉื™ื [ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื,ย ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจืฉ"ื™-ืฉืจ"ื™]".


ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ื—ื– ืžืคื•ืกืงื™ื™ืจื ืฆืฆื• ื•ืขืœื• ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื• ืืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื’ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืกื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื“ืขืช, ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื‘ื•ืช-ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื ื’ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื•ืœื, ืœื ืจืง ืžืื”ื‘ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฆืืฆืื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืคืจื• ื•ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ืืช "ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื", ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื ื•ื’ืื•ื•ืชื ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื”ืคืงืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช-ื”ื ืื” ืžื“ืช ืžืฉื” โ€“ ื•ืื ื™ื•ื“ื• ืขืชื” ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ืื ื” ื™ื•ืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ื—ืจืคืชื? ืื™ืš ื™ืฆื“ื™ืงื• ืืช ื™ื•ืงืจืชื? ื•ืœืœื ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืื™ืš ื™ืชื‘ืขื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, "ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ื“ืช" ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืื’ื™ืช ืขืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ?


ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื”ืคืขื ืžื”ืžืžืกื“ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื”ื™ื”ื™ืจ, ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘"ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช" ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ืžื ื—ื-ืฆื‘ื™ ืงื“ืจื™. ืฉื ื‘ืขืจืš "ืฆืœื" (ืขืž' 912) ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืฆืœื โ€“ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ืช ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื”ื™ื:ย 'ื‘ึฐึผืฆึถืœึถื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื' (ื‘ืจ' ื˜, ื•); ื•ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ 'ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึถื“ ื‘ึดึผื“ึฐืžื•ึผืชื•ึน ื›ึฐึผืฆึทืœึฐืžื•ึน' (ื‘ืจ' ื”, ื’)" โ€“ ื•"ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฉืึตื›ึธื” ื™ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึธื›ื•ึผ" (ืชื”' ืคื‘).


ื‘. ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื”ื ืชืขื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืง


ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืขืœื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืข"ื— (ืฉืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช) ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืืจ ืจื‘ ื•ื“"ืจ (ืœื”ืœืŸ: ืจึทื“ึผึท"ืจ), ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื–ื• ืžืกืงื ืช ืžืืžืจื•: "ื ืจืื™ื ืžืื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ืฉื˜ืขืŸ (ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื, ืœโ€“ืœื) ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื•,ย ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื". ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื ื—ืจื“ืชื™ ื•ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืขืชื™, ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืœื ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืจึทื“ึผึท"ืจ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉื ืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœ"ื“ืจื“ืขื™" ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื! ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืœืžืžื•ืŸ โ€“ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืชืขืงืžื• ื•ื™ืชืขืงืฉื•.


ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื“ึผ"ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžืืžืจ: "ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืขืงื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”", ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื—ื–ืง ื•ื”ื”ื“ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช โ€“ "ืจึทืง ืึตื™ืŸ ื™ึดืจึฐืึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” โ€“ ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึธื’ื•ึผื ึดื™" (ื‘ืจ' ื›, ื™ื): ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืขื“ืจ ื™ืจืืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืจ ืขืžื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืจืฆื—,ย ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื•ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืžืืœื”ื™ื ื•ืžื™ืจืืช-ืฉืžื™ื. ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืชื” ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื“ึผ"ืจ ืœื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ืงื•ืง ืืฉืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื•.


ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื• ื”ื ืชืขื‘ื™ื, ืงื•ืง ืชืžืš ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ ืฉื•ื—ืจ ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืขื“ ื”ื›ื™ืก ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“):


"ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื™ืง ืขื“ ืžืื“, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ื–ืง ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ืชืช ื ืฉืžื” [=ื›ืจืช], [ืืœื] ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื•ื [ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช] ืžืชื’ืœื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืชื•ืš ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืฉืกื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช [=ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“], ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืขืงื™ืจื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื ื ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืจื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ืืœื”ื•ืช: ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื”ืžื’ืฉืึผึตื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื• ืคืกืœ ื•ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื’ืžืจ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ื•ื ืฉืืจื” ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืฉืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ืฉื ืขืงื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช".


ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื—ืœืงืœืงื” ืžืื“ ื•ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ืœื”ืจืข ื‘ืชื›ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืื“,ย ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจ-ืกืžื›ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืฃ ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืžืื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉื ืืžืŸ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื–ื”ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืจื™ืกืช ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื!


ื•ืœืขืฆื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืงื•ืง ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื˜ืขืŸ, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื’ื•ืฃ ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืœืœ!ย ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืคืกืœ ื•ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืจืง ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื˜ื ื—ื˜ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืืœื”ื™ื. ื‘ืจื, ืื ื™ึดืคื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืืœื™ื• ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืœืœ! ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ืกื›ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช! ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืืžืจ: "ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืคึธึผื ึทื™, ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืคึถืกึถืœ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืชึฐึผืžื•ึผื ึธื”" โ€“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืœื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืคืกืœ ื•ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช!


ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืžืขึปื•ื•ืชืช ืฉื”ืงื•ืงื• ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื•ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช!ย ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื›ืขื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ืงืœ-ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”! ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื–ืงื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื–ื”ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื™ืžื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื•! ื”ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื›ื–ืืช?


ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื•, ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืžื˜ื•ืžื• ื”ืžื—ืจื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื•:


"ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”: 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืชึปืจื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึทืชึถึผื ื–ึนื ึดื™ื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถื' [ื‘ืž' ื˜ื•, ืœื˜], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ื™ื™ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืื—ืจ ื“ืขืชื• ื”ืงืฆืจื”ย ื•ื™ื“ืžึผึถื” ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืžืฉื’ืช ื”ืืžืช. ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: 'ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื' โ€“ ื–ื• ืžื™ื ื•ืช; 'ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื' โ€“ ื–ื• ื–ื ื•ืช. ื•ืœืื• ื–ื”, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื“ื ืœื˜ื•ืจื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืœืงื•ืช [ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” โ€“ ืฉืœื ืœืชื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื]" (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘, ื•).


"ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื” [=ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืžื ื™ื™ื ื”] ื”ืฉื‘ืข ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื, ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื ื• ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•,ย ืขื“ ืฉื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื’ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ื ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืชืขืžื•ื“ ืืฆืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื–ื”ืจื•ืชื™ื” ['ื•ึฐื ึดืฉึฐืืžึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืžึฐืึนื“ ืœึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉึนืืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึนื ืจึฐืึดื™ืชึถื ื›ึธึผืœ ืชึฐึผืžื•ึผื ึธื”' (ื“ื‘' ื“, ื˜ื•)], ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื™ืชืขืœื”: 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืชึปืจื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื'. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™: 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืชึปืจื•ึผ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื' โ€“ ื–ื• ืžื™ื ื•ืช" (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืœืื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืžื–).


"ืžืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึดืฉึฐืื’ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึตืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผืฆึฐื•โ€ึนืช' ื•ื’ื•' [ื‘ืž' ื˜ื•, ื›ื‘]. ื•ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื”ย ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื›ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืื“ื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึธื”ึธืœึฐืึธื” ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื' [ื‘ืž' ื˜ื•, ื›ื’]. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ" (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘, ื–).


"ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ [ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช], ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ืœืจื•ืžืžื• ื•ืœืคืจืกื ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืžืฉืžืขืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ-ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช [ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืืœื•ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื ื’ืขืœ ื•ืืœื™ืœื™] [...] ืืœื ื›ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื™ื›ึปื•ื•ื ื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชย ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื•ืœืชื•. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”" (ืคืจืง ื—ืœืง).


"ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื”ย ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืช, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ื”ึผ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื" (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘, ื™). ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ: "ื•ืืชื” ื“ืข, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ื ื‘ื“ืขืชืš ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ืื• ืžืื•ืจืข ืžืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืš ืžืงื ื ื•ืžื›ืขื™ืก ื•ืงื•ื“ื—-ืืฉ [ื•ืžืขืœื”]-ื—ึตืžื” ื•ืฉื•ื ื ื•ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ืฆืจ โ€“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”" (ืžื•ืจื” ื, ืœื•).


ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืžึดืงื‘ืฅ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืืžืช, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื โ€“ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืขืงื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ื›ืš ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืจืื•: "ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ืขืงื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”". ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ืจืื•: "ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืจื”", ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื”", ื•ืœืงืžืŸ ืืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขื˜.


ืงืฆืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ืจืคื•ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื ืืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ืœืžื• ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืื• ืืช ืฉืคืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื•. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืœื– ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื— ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ึนืชย ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'!ย ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืืš ื•ืจืงย ืœื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื•ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”', ื‘ื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ืฉื ื™ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืื—ื“, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืชื—ืœืง ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ โ€“ ื•ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ื–ื• ืžืขื™ื“ื” ื›ืืœืฃ ืขื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื›ืœื•ืชื•, ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืขืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื.


ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืœื” ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ึนืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืจืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืชื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื:


"ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ย ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืœื ืชึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทืœ, ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืช ื”' ื–ื•ืœืชื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื’ึผึธืจืข ืžืžื ื” ืœื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื‘ึผึฐืคึตื™ืจื•ืฉ [ื‘ืชื•ืจื”-ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”], ืืžืจ: 'ืœึนื ืชึนืกึตืฃ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื’ึฐืจึทืข ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ' [ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื]. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”".


ื•ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืคืงืคืง ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช? ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืงืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœืฃ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืงืจ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœืฃ-ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืขื” ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•! ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื ืชืขื‘ ืจืื• ื ื ืืช ืคืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช:


"ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืงืคืง ืื“ื [ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ื™ืคืงืคืง ืœืขืฆืžื•!] ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ [ืื—ื“] ืžืืœื• [ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ] ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก ื•ืงื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื‚ื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื•,ย ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืžึฐืฉึทื‚ื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึถืฉึฐื‚ื ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึฐืงื•ึนืžึฐืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืชึฐืงื•ึนื˜ึธื˜' [ืชื”' ืงืœื˜, ื›ื]".


ื’. ืจืชื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืงื•ืงื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื


ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ื‘ื˜ืžื˜ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื™ื“ืข, ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื,ย ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื™): "ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” โ€“ ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžืื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“,ย ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืคื ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืœื” ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืชืขื‘ึผื”, ื•ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื ื—ืœืฉ ื•ืžืชื“ืœื“ืœ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื (ื’, ื ื):


"ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจื ื• ืœืš, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื‚ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉืึธืคึทืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืื™ืชื• ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื’ืข ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื•.ย ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ืš, ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืขื‘ึผื•ึนืชื•ึน โ€“ ืขืฉึตื‚ื”, ื•ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื• ื•ืœื“ืงืงื• ืœืื˜-ืœืื˜ ืขื“ ืฉืชื ืชืงื”ื• โ€“ ืขืฉื‚ึตื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื–ืง ืืœื ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืชื• [=ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ] ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ื•ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” [=ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช] ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืืจื ื•. ื•ื”ื—ืœืฉืชื• ื•ื“ืงื•ืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืชืขืกืง ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชืš ื‘ืžื” ืฉื–ื•ืœืชื•.ย [...] ื•ื“ืข, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• [=ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช] ื›ืงืจื™ืืช-ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืชื›ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืœื ืฉืชื•ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ืžืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื [=ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื•ื ื” ืจืง ืืœื™ื•] ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืขืกืงืช ื‘ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ืœื ื‘ื–ื•ืœืชื•. [...] ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื‘ืจื™ืš ื›ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืคืจ ื’ื•ืžื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืื• ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ ืขืฆื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸย ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื ืžืžื™ ื‘ื, ื•ืœื ืžื” ืชื›ืœื™ืชื•, ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื’ืขืช ืืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช [=ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืชื›ืœื™ืชืŸ ื•ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ], ืืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื– ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื: 'ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ืžึดื›ึผึดืœึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื' [ื™ืจ' ื™ื‘, ื‘]".


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”ย ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืžืขืœืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™ืชืขืœื”! ืื•ืœื, ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืœื ืจืง ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื‘ืจื, ืœืคื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”ย ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช.


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœืื“ื ื ืงืจื ืฆืœื ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื’, ื—) ืžื’ื ื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ืจื”: "ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ืฉื™ืชืจื—ืง ืžื–ื”". ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ืงืจื "ืื“ื", ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืืœื ื‘ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื•-ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•-ื‘ื”ื’ื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, "ืื“ื" ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”ย ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ื™ื ื—ื” ืื•ืชื•.

ืœืื•ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืฉื™ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื”":


"ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”ย ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ืกืคื—ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืืœื”ื™ืช, ืœืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•], ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื•,ย ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืฉืžืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื–ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืชืขืžืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ ืกื›ืœ ื›ืืฉืžืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืขืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, [...] ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื [=ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ] ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืชื“ื• ืœื•: ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืขืœื” ืœื ืœื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืœืขืžืงื™ ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช. [...] ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•ย ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืจืคื” ืœื ื• [=ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ, ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช] ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืื• ื‘ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ [...] ื”ืจื™ ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฉืคืข ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื” [=ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื•] ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื•ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ื™ื‘ [ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื•] ื•ืœื”ืžืจื•ืช ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื•".


ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืื“ ืžืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืชย ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืืฉืจ ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืก ืขืœ ืฉื›ืœื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ืืกื‘ื™ืจ: ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,ย ื•ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื”ืืœ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ืชื” ื•ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืงืœ-ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื ื™ืขื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ื ืขืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืืฃ ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืฉื‚ื’ื‘ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื•ืจืื•! ื•ื–ื• ืžืจื™ื“ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”!


ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื™ืžื• ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืข"ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” (ื‘, ื): "ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื• ืจืชื•ื™ ืœื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื", ื•ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื:


"ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื• โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ืฉื›ืœื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”'.ย ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืจืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• [ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ], ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคืงืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ื›ืš ืืžืจื•: 'ืžืื™ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื•? ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืกืชืจ' [ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื˜ื– ืข"ื; ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืž ืข"ื], ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ: 'ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ืืคื™ื ืžื ืืคื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ืจื•ื— ืฉื˜ื•ืช' [ืชื ื—ื•ืžื, ื ืฉื ื”] โ€“ ื•ื–ื” ืืžืช, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืื•ื•ื”, ืื™ื–ื• ืชืื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœื".


ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—ย ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื™ืขืฉื•. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฉื—ืชืชื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืชื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™, ืฉื–ื™ื”ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื.


ื•ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื’, ื ื) ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืงื•ืงื• ื•ืœื“ื•ืžื™ื•:


"ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื”, [ืื] ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ืš ื›ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืคืจ ื’ื•ืžื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืื• ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ ืขืฆื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื ืžืžื™ ื‘ื [ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืืœ-ืืžืช ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื•] ื•ืœื ืžื” ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• [ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื•] โ€“ ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื’ืขืช ืืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช, ืืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืื– ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื: 'ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืคึดื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ืžึดื›ึผึดืœึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื' [ื™ืจ' ื™ื‘, ื‘]".


ื•ืืœ ื™ื”ื ืงืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืžืชืืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื›ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืชื•ืืจ ืขื•ื ืฉื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืขื•ื•ื ื ื”ืงืฉื”:


"ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืจึฐืฉึธืืขึดื™ื ืฆึธืœึตื—ึธื” ืฉึธืืœื•ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ ื‘ึนึผื’ึฐื“ึตื™ ื‘ึธื’ึถื“? ื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึธึผื ื’ึทึผื ืฉึนืืจึธืฉืื•ึผ ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื’ึทึผื ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืคึถืจึดื™ [ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ืื™ื ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฉืจื ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื] ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืคึดื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ืžึดื›ึดึผืœึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื.ย ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื™ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึธึผื ึดื™ ืชึดึผืจึฐืึตื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึธื—ึทื ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึดื‘ึดึผื™ ืึดืชึธึผืšึฐ ื”ึทืชึดึผืงึตื ื›ึฐึผืฆึนืืŸ ืœึฐื˜ึดื‘ึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึฐื“ึดึผืฉึตืื ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึฒืจึตื’ึธื”".


ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื”. "ืœื•ึผ ื—ึธื›ึฐืžื•ึผ ื™ึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืœื•ึผ ื–ึนืืช ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึธื, ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ื™ึดืจึฐื“ึผึนืฃ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืึถืœึถืฃ ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื™ึธื ึดื™ืกื•ึผ ืจึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธื” ืึดื ืœึนื ื›ึผึดื™ ืฆื•ึผืจึธื ืžึฐื›ึธืจึธื ื•ึทื™ื™ึธ ื”ึดืกึฐื’ึผึดื™ืจึธื" (ื“ื‘' ืœื‘, ื›ื˜โ€“ืœ), ืืš "ื”ึด๏ฌปึดื™ืชึธื” ืึนืชึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื—ึธืœ๏ฌต ๏ฌปึด๏ฌผึดื™ืชึธื ืžึตืึฒื ๏ฌต ืงึทื—ึทืช ืž๏ฌตืกึธืจ ื—ึด๏ฌถึฐืง๏ฌต ืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึด๏ญึถืœึทืข ืžึตืึฒื ๏ฌต ืœึธ๏ฌช๏ฌตื‘" (ื™ืจ' ื”, ื’). "ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ื•ึนื™ ืึนื‘ึทื“ ืขึตืฆื•ึนืช ื”ึตืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื”" (ื“ื‘' ืœื‘, ื›ื—).


ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช: "ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก ื•ืงื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื‚ื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื•", ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื™ืชืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืฉืžื•. ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื—ืžื•ึผืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืกืชื ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ึดืชืขื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื”ื• ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืœ, ื•ืœืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ื™ื, ื•):


"ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉืžื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,ย ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึตื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื [ื•ึฐืจึดื—ึทืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึถึผืšึธ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืข ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ' (ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื™ื—)]".


ื“. ืžืงื‘ืฅ ืกืžื™ ื”ื–ื™ื” ืžืžืื•ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ืžืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ึนืง


1) ืงื•ืง ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžืื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขืชืขื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืš ื‘ืžื›ึปื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืจืฉื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืฉื˜ืฉื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื–ื“ื”ื• ื•ื™ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื”ื. ื‘ืจื, ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืคื•ื, ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ ื ืœื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ื™ื• ืœืงื•ืง ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ, ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืžืงืฆืช ืžึดื›ึผึฐืชื‘ื™ื• ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ืžืœืื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืคื” ื•ื—ืœืงืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืœื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืขืชืขื•ืช.


2) ืงื•ืง ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจ (ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื›ืœ ื•ื ื‘ืœ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื›ื™ ืœื ืจืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื“ื”ื“ื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื•ื–ื™ื”ืžื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื•, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื›ืœื•. ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืขืฆื ืฉื‚ืจืจืชื•. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืœื›ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1919, ืื™ืจืข ืืกื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจื ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื™ืขืœ ืžืชื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืคืœื” ืžืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื˜ืจื ืฉืžืœืื• ืœื” 14 ืฉื ื™ื (ืื’ื‘, ื’ื ื‘ืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•) โ€“ ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืืœืžืœื ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืœืจื—ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื.


3)ย ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื•, ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืคืชื—ื• ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื! ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ืกื•ืคื•-ืฉืœ-ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: "ืžื™ ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื— [=ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช] ืืฉืจ ื™ื˜ืคื—ื ื•ื™ืจื‘ื” ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ืฉืคื•ืš ื“ืžื" (ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ื™ื—) โ€“ ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืงื•ืง ื”ืžืชื•ืขื‘ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื–ืืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื•ื—ืง ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื, ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”! ื•ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื•:


"ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืœื ืชึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทืœ, ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืช ื”' ื–ื•ืœืชื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื’ึผึธืจืข ืžืžื ื”, ืœื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื‘ึผึฐืคึตื™ืจื•ืฉ [ื‘ืชื•ืจื”-ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”], ืืžืจ: 'ืœึนื ืชึนืกึตืฃ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื’ึฐืจึทืข ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ' [ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื]. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”".


ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆื• ืœื—ื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœื ืฉื”ืงื•ืงื• ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื›"ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื—" ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™-ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืกื›ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื’ืจืžื• ืœื• ืœืฉื’ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ึผึทื‘ึผึฐื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื.


ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืื” ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• "ื‘ืจื•ื—" ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืœื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื• ืืœื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื›ืืœื” ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช? ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื’ื ืฉื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”ื ืžืฉืœ! "ื•ึฐื’ึธืจ ื–ึฐืึตื‘ ืขึดื ื›ึถึผื‘ึถืฉื‚ ื•ึฐื ึธืžึตืจ ืขึดื ื’ึฐึผื“ึดื™ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึธึผืฅ" ื•ื›ื•' (ื™ื, ื•), ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจืชื™ ืžืฉืœ ื–ื” ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ: "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืชืงื•ืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช".


4) ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืชื” ืœื—ืžืฉื™ืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื‘"ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื”" (ืื”ื‘ื”, ื‘), ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•:


"ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื›ืœ, ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืื—ืจื™ื” ืื”ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ื›ืœ, ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืœ ืื”ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืขื™ืœื•ื™. ื•ื ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”', ืฉื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ [ืื™ืŸ ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™? ื•ืœืฉื ืžื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืชืจื™"ื’ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช?] ื›ื™ ืื ืžื” ืฉื”ืœื‘ ืžืœื ืžืžื ื” โ€“ ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืฉื’ื‘".


ื•ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื”ื™ ื”ึทืฉืึผื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ื–ื•?!ย ืื ืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื—ืจื•ื– ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื›ื ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื• ืœืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช? ืื ื” ื”ื’ืขื ื•? ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ "ื”ืื”ื‘ื”", ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื—ื ื™ืฃ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื• ืคืจืคืจ ืœืืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขื•ืœึธื” ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉ"ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื• ืจืง ืื”ื‘ื”", ื›ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ืžื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืžืœืš ื ืขืจื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื ื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื, ืฉื—ืœืžื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื”ื ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืข.


ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืชื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ืจื•ื˜ ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• (ื•ืฉืžื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื•ึนืง):


4.ื)ย ืžื”ื™ "ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื"? ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”? ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื“ื•ื ื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื•? ื•ื›ื™ ืœื—ื™ื ื ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• (ื“ื‘' ืœ): "ืจึฐืึตื” ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืžึธึผื•ึถืช ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึธืจึธืข [...] ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึธึผื•ึถืช ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึฐึผืœึธืœึธื” โ€“ ื•ึผื‘ึธื—ึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึทึผื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื"? ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืœืื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื” ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ืช ืžืฉื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ื™.


4.ื‘)ย ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื”ื™ "ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื"? ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืื• ื’ื•ื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก ืื• ื›ื•ืคืจ ืื• ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืื• ืกื›ืœ ืื• ืจืฉืข ืื• ืฉื•ื˜ื” ืื• ืจื•ืฆื— ืื• ืžืฉื•ืžื“? ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื! ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืขืœื™ืŸ! "ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืžึฐืฉึทื‚ื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึถืฉึฐื‚ื ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึฐืงื•ึนืžึฐืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืชึฐืงื•ึนื˜ึธื˜" (ืชื”' ืงืœื˜, ื›ื), ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืžืฆื™ื ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”!ย ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืชื•ืขื™ื ื’: "ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ื ืฉืžื”, ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœื". "ื•ึทืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืชึผึทื–ึฐื ื•ึผืชึถื™ื”ึธ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธื’ึฐื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื’ึผึดืœึผื•ึผืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื ึดื˜ึฐืžึธืึธื”" (ื™ื—' ื›ื’, ื–).


ื•ืœื”ืฉืงืคืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”, ืจืื•: "ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืจึตืขื™ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื".


4.ื’)ย ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื ืขืจ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' "ืื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ" โ€“ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืช ื ื’ืขืœื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช?ย ื”ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืจื•ื—" ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ื•ื”ืœื ืžื˜ืจืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ืœื–ืจื–ื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื™ืจืืชื• ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”! ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžืื“ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ื™ื-ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื.


ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื" ืžืคื ื™ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื ื•ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžืื“ ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ึธื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ย ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”', ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื‘: "ืชึทึผื—ึทืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึนื ืขึธื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึธึผ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื˜ื•ึผื‘ ืœึตื‘ึธื‘" (ื“ื‘' ื›ื—, ืžื–), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื’ื•ืจืจ ืขืžื• ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ื•ืจืื™ื! ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืงืจ ื•ื›ื–ื‘ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”' ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ โ€“ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืœื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขื•ื– ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื: ื‘ืฉื ื”' ืืœ ืขื•ืœื!ย ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘"ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช" (ืขืฉื™ืŸ ื’):


"ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื•, ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• [ืื”ื‘ืช ื”'] ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ืฉื ืงืจื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™-ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื•, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืชื”ืœืœื ื• ื•ืชืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ื•ืชืงืจื ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื•, ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืœ, ื›ืš ืื ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืืช ื”' ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ึผืฉื‚ื’ ืœืš ืžื”ื›ืจืช ืืžื™ืชืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ืืชื” ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืชืงืจื ืืช ื”ืคืชืื™ื ื•ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืืžืช ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื™ื“ืขืชึผึธื”ึผ".


ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ! ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘' ื™ื, ื): "ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืึตืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืžึดืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื" โ€“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืคื•ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ื ืืžืจื” ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”'.


ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืžืกื•ึผืžื ื”ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”-ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืื™ืฉ-ืžืคื™-ืื™ืฉ ืขื“ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžืกืจื• ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”', ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื˜, ื”): "ื•ึฐืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืึตืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึฐืึนื“ึถืšึธ โ€“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฆืจื™ืš [...] ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉืš, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืช ื ืคืฉืš. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื•ื“ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืžื•ื ืš", ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื™, ื“): "ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื”' ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ ื™ืขืฉื”ย ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืื”ื‘ื”".


5) ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืื—ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื: "ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืฆื“ืง, ืื™ื ื ืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื” ืืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืžื•ื ื”, ืื™ื ื ืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืจื•ืช ืืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื—ื•ื›ืžื”". ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื” ื”ืงื•ึนืง ื”ืžืกื•ึผืžื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืžื™ืชืš ื•ืœื ืชืฉื ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื˜ื (ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืคืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™), ื•ื’ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื– ืขืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืงืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขืžึผึตื ื•, ื•ืงึธื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื ื•ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืš ืืžืจ "ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ืย ืื™ื ื ืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ื›ื”, ื“) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœึทื— ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดืึดื™ื ื”ึทืฉืึฐื›ึผึตื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืœึนื—ึท ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึฐืžึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดื˜ึผึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ืึธื–ึฐื ึฐื›ึถื ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืขึท".


ื•ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืจืื•: "ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ื— ืชื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืžื™ืชืš".


6) ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื: "ืืฉืจื™ื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืื•ืจ ื”' ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" (ืื•ืจื•ื•ึนืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’, ื’) โ€“ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื™ ื ื—ืจื“ ืœืชืžื•ื”: ืžื”ื™ ื”ึทืฉืึผื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ื–ื•?!ย ื•ื›ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืืœื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜? ื•ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื” ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”' ื”ื˜ื•ื‘? ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืžืœื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื? ื•ื–ื• ืžืžืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืชืขื” ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืืœื™ืœื•ืช.



7) ื“ื•ืžื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืžืกืคืจื• "ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช" (ื, ืจื›ื•) ืžื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืกื›ืœื•ืชื• ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื—, ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืงืฆืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ื• ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื”ื—ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ืžื›ืจืขืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืชื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื”". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื•, ืฉื‚ึตื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืคืœ ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ืžื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ืย ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืืช "ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืชื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื”" โ€“ ื•ืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื“ืžื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืชืข ื•ืžื›ื–ื‘ ืชื“ื™ืจ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื•ื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”?! ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžืœืงื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื.


8) ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืกืคืจื• "ืื•ืจื•ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”" (ื, ืจื›ื•): "ื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื. ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ. ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ืื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•. ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ. ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ืื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ ื“' ืืช ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" โ€“ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœื–ืขื•ืง: ืžื”ื™ ื”ึทืฉืึผื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ื–ื•?!ย ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื?! ื•ื›ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช? ื•ื”ืœื ืœืžืขื˜ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื (ื™, ื‘): "ื•ึทื—ึฒืœึนืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื•ึฐื ื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจื•ึผ ื”ึถื‘ึถืœ ื™ึฐื ึทื—ึตืžื•ึผืŸ". ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืœืœื• ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื• ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืช.


9) ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืžืฉื:ย "ื”ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช, ืฉืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืฆื™ ื›ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื›ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื˜ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื• ื›ืœืœ" โ€“ ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ึนืง ื”ืžืกื•ึผืžื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกืคื•ื’?! ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”!ย ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ "ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื", ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื! ื•ื”ื ื’ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช "ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื", ื”ื ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ืžื™ ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ื•ืžื™ ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— "ืœื”ืื™ืจ". ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”"ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื", ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ "ื›ื•ื— ืจื•ื—ื ื™" ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื”ื "ืžื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื”ื™" โ€“ ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื โ€“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ืช.


10) ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืื•ืจื— ืžืฉืคื˜" (ืขืž' ืจืžื˜) ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื•ืงื• ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื•, ืฉืื ื”ืื“ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื– ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื›ืš:


"ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื ืงื˜ื™ื ืŸ ื“ืขื“-ื“ืœื-ื™ื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ืขื“ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืื ื•ืก], ืขืœ-ื›ืœ-ืคื ื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื™ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืคื™ืœื”? [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื”], ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื ื•ืก ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•ืชื•. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืจืฉื•ืช ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืื ื•ืก ืžืฆื“ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ,ย ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืกื™ืขืชื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื•ื ืก ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืื-ื›ืŸ ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ื ืก ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ [=ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”] ืžืฆื“ ืžืฆื•ืช ื“ืฉืžื—ื”".


ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื‘ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืจืฉื•ืช" (ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื), ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื ื•ืก ืžืฆื“ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ? ื•ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื ื•ืก? ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื–ื™ื“! ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืื ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ ืฆืœื ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื ื•ืก ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื ื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช? ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื•? ื•ื”ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืคืชื— ืจื—ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื™ื—, ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉืชื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื ื•ืก ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ! ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืคื™ื” ืื“ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืขื•ืœื: "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ, ืื ื—ื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื• ืื• ื”ื–ื™ืง ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื• โ€“ ืžืฉืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื•" (ื—ื•ื‘ืœ ื•ืžื–ื™ืง ื, ื™).


ืงืฆืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ืื ื•ืก", ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ึดื“ึผึทืข, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื˜, ืฉื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืžืŸ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืื ื•ืก"... ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืžื ื”ื–ื” ืืฃ ืžืขื– ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื! ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ืจื” ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ึดื“ึผึทืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื• ืœืืฉืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช! ื•ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ืจื”, ืจืื•: "ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื", ื•ืขื•ื“.


"ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื ึถื‘ึถืœ ืชึผึนืฃ ื•ึฐื—ึธืœึดื™ืœ ื•ึธื™ึทื™ึดืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืึตืช ืคึผึนืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืœึนื ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืœึนื ืจึธืื•ึผ" (ื™ืฉ' ื”).


11) ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘"ืื•ืจื•ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”" (ื•, ื): "ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื ื‘ืื” ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” [...] ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืื” ืžืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื–ื•ื›ื›ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืกื™ื ื” ื•ืžืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื" โ€“ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืž"ืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช"? ื•ื›ื™ "ืฉืื™ืคืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”? ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ื‘ื•ื”ืง ื•ืžืชืขืชืข. ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื "ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื" ื•ืฉืื™ืคืช ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”.


ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ: "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึทืจ ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึธื ื•ึฐื–ึดืจึฐืžึทืช ืกื•ึผืกึดื™ื ื–ึดืจึฐืžึธืชึธื" (ื›ื’, ื›).


ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”: "ืงึถืฉืึถืช ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ื“ื•ึนืŸ ื™ึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืงื•ึผ ืึทื›ึฐื–ึธืจึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐืจึทื—ึตืžื•ึผ" (ื•, ื›ื’).


ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื” (ื™ื˜, ื™ื–): "ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื–ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืžืœ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ืกื“, ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื ื’ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื. ืฉืกื™ืžื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืจื—ืžื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืžืœื™ ื—ืกื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึดึผื‘ึฐืขึนื ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืžึดื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึตืžึธึผื”' [ืฉ"ื‘ ื›ื, ื‘], ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื–ื• ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื ื ืชืคื™ื™ืกื• ื•ืœื ืจื™ื—ืžื• ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ื–ื›ืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืกื“ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื›ื, ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขืžื”ื ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”".


ื•ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืจืื•: "ื”ืื ื—ืžืœื” ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืœึทื›ึผึนืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช?", ื•ืขื•ื“.


***

ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืžืื•ืžื”, ื•ืจืง ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืžืชืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื ื•ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ืงื•ืจื, ื•ื”ืืžืช ืฉื‘ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื• ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื” ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ืœื• ืกื“ืจืช ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœืกื›ืœื•ืชื•, ืืœืžืœื ืขืกื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ ืœืจืืฉื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ืื•ืคืœ โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืข ื•ื”ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™-ื™ื•ืขืฆื™-ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื’ื‘, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ืžืœื™ืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ึนืง ื’ื ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ืขื›ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืขืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ืžืืชื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื ืฉืžืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ื•ื ืงืช ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืจื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ...


ื”. ืžื™ ื–ื” ื™ืงื•ึผืง? ื™ื—ืจื™ื ืื‘ึผื•ึผืง!


ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืฉึผื•ึนื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื ื”ื•ื™ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• "ื™ืงื•ืง", ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืฉืžื• ืœื‘, ืืš ื›ืคื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื”' ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืžืกื•ืžื ื•ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื• ื”ื ืชืขื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™-ื™ื•ืขืฆื™-ืืฉื›ื ื– ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืจืฆืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ืช, ืœื ืืชืคืœื ืื ื”ื ืขืฉื•-ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ึปื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื ื•ื’ืื•ื•ืชื.


ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื ื”' ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ "ืฉืจืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช" (ืขืž' 299):


ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื ื ืชื›ื ื• "ืืœืงื™ื", ืืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืฉื "ืืœื”ื™ื", ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื”, ืฉืœื ืฉืื•ึผื ึผึธื” ื”ืฉื "ืืœื”ื™ื" ื•ืฉืืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื ืืžืจื• ื›ื›ืชื‘ื ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื™ืจืื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืจืื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื›ืื•ืชื ื”"ื™ืจืื™ื" ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืจืคื™ื ื•ืžื’ื“ืคื™ื ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื–ื™ื: "ืืœื•ืงื™ื" ืื• ื™ื•"ื“ ืงึตื™ ื•ื"ื• ืงึตื™. ืกื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ืฉื‚ืขืจื•ื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืž"ื™ืจืืชื" ืกื™ืœืคื• ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”', ืืš ืื™ื ื ืืœื ืžื‘ื–ื™ื, ื‘ืงืจืื ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื’ื ืื™ โ€“ "ืžึดื™ ื–ึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื•ึทืชึผึถื”ึดื™ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ืœึนื ืฆึดื•ึผึธื”" (ืื™ื›ื” ื’, ืœื–).


ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื’ื ืื™. ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืจืื”: "ื•ึฐืึดื‘ึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึธื" (ื“ื‘' ื™ื‘, ื’), ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื: ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉื ืœื’ื ืื™, ื‘ื™ืช ื’ืœื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื™ื, ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืœ โ€“ ืขื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฅ. [...] ื‘ื™ืช ื’ืœื™ื, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจื™ื, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืกื ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ ืงืจืื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื, ื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืคืœื•ืชื. ืœืžืกื’ื“, ืงืจืื• ืžึทืกึฐื’ึผึตืฃ. ืœื ื‘ื™ืื, ืงืจืื• ื ื‘ืœ. ื•ืœืงื•ืจืืŸ, ืงืจืื• ืงืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช, ืฉื•ื ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœื” ืœื’ื ืื™. ื ืžืฆืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืช ืื—ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื ื” ื•ืžื‘ื–ื”. [...] ื•ื›ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึทื™ื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื" (ื“ื‘' ื™ื‘, ื“). ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ.


"ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ืžึตืึฑื“ื•ึนื ื•ึผืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื” ืžึตื”ึทืจ ืขึตืฉื‚ึธื•" (ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื, ื—).


ื•. ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ โ€“ ืงื•ึนืงื ื™ืง ืื• ืงื•ึผืงื•ึผื ื™ืง?


ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืงืืคื— ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘", ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื™ื—ืกื• ื”ืกืœื—ื ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ึนืงื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืžื•ืจื” (ืขืž' 19): "ื•ื›ืžื” ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืœืขื™ื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื’ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื•, ื”ืฉื—ืงืŸ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืืฉืจ ื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื›ืš ืงืืคื— ืžืคืืจ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ื‘ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืืช ื”ืงืจื“ื™ื ืœ "ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ" (ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื, ืขืž' 84):


"ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉ"ื•โ€“ืชืฉ"ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ ืœืงื—ื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” 'ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘' [...] ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืœื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ ืœืงื—ื• ืขื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืจื•ื— [ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื ื•ืคื” ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืื’ื™ื”] ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื•ืžืขื™ ืœืงื—ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื• ืืœ ืžืขืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื•, ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ืœืขื™ื, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื, ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ืคืขื™ื, ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœื• ื”ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ, ืงื•ืœ ื“ืžืžื” ื“ืงื”".


ืคืฉืฉ... ื›ืžื” ื—ื ื•ืคื” ืฉืงืจื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืกืงื” ืื—ืช! ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื— ื•ืคื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ื— ื‘ื• ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” (ืž"ื ื™ื˜, ื™ื‘): "ืงื•ึนืœ ื“ึฐึผืžึธืžึธื” ื“ึทืงึธึผื”"! ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ื• ืžึธืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื ืงืืคื— ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืœืœื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื... ื•ืœื ืืชืคืœื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื˜ืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ื•ื’ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื• ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ืื—ืช ืงืืคื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื• "ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื", ื•ื–ื” ื™ื™ื–ื›ืจ ืœื• ืœื“ื™ืจืื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื ื™ืงืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžืžื ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืขื•ืจื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืกื‘ื• ืฉื’ื™ื“ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื—ื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•.


"ื•ึฐืชึทืฉึฐืืœึตืšึฐ ืึฑืžึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื”" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื—, ื™ื‘).


"ื•ึฐืœึธืžึธึผื” ืœึนื ืฉึธืืžึทืขึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ? ื•ึทืชึทึผืขึทื˜ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืœึธืœ ื•ึทืชึทึผืขึทืฉื‚ ื”ึธืจึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ" (ืฉ"ื ื˜ื•, ื™ื˜).


ื–. ืชืขืชื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื•


ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ืชืจืช ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื›"ืžืจืŸ ื•ื’ืื•ืŸ", ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžื•ืจื” ืฉื, ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืฉื ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ื”ืืจืฅ" ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื”, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื (ืขืž' 19):


"ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ืืžืช, ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื• ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ื ื–ื™ ืžืจื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ ืขื ืขึทืžื• ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ื. [...] ื–ื”ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื ืคืœื, ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืืœื”ื™ื•, ืืฉืจ ืื”ื‘ื• ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ืขื•ย ื•ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืื“ื•. ื•ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื”ืื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืชื• ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื ืก ืขื•ืœื" (ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืืคื—).


ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืœืœื• ืžึทืฉืึฐื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืงืืคื— ืฉื’ื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืงืจ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืึผืื”, ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื ื•ืคื” ื•ื”ืชืขืชื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ืฉื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื” ืงืืคื— ื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ืื“ื™ืจ ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืœืœื• ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ื”ื˜ืขื™ื”, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื˜ืžื ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืงืืคื— ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืžืกื•ืžื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ... ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื ืจืงื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืขื ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ืžืฉื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื โ€“ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•ืœื ืงืจื‘ ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”.


ื•ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืžืกื•ืžื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื• ืกื›ืœ ื•/ืื• ืจืžืื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืš ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืชื•ืจื”-ืžืŸ-ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉื ืช ืจื‘ื ื•? ื”ืื ืžื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ-ื”ืื•ืคืœ ื”ื˜ืžื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื™ื“ืขย ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”? ื”ืื ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'? ื”ืื ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืžื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื—ืกื™ื“ ื ืœื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื?!


ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืกื™ืœ ืžืจื•ืฉืข ื•ื’ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืจืžืื™ ื—ื ืคืŸ ื•ื—ืœืงืœืง ืฉื”ืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ื–ืช ืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ืžืื•ืžื” ื•ืจืงย ื”ึธื–ึธื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื• "ื”ืื™ืชื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื•", ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืœืฃ. ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ึดืชืขื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื˜ื ืฃ ืขื“ ืงื“ืงื“ื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืคืื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืžื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคื” ื•ืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ืฉื’ื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช! ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื ื’ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœื” ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ืžืžื• ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื โ€“ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจ...


"ื•ึทื™ึผึทืชึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืคึทื—ึฒื–ื•ึผืชึธื [...] ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืขึตื™ืœ ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืœึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ" (ื™ืจ' ื›ื’, ืœื‘).


ื•ื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืื™ืŸ ืžื–ื” ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื•?


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืขื™ื”. ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืงื•ืงื• ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืžื™ืœื, ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืกื™ืœ ืงื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ ื•ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืืฉืจ ืจื“ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช?


ืืœื, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืฉื‘ื—ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื™ื ึทืงื• ืื•ืชื ืžื˜ื™ื ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ืช ื—ืœืงื, ื›ืš ืžื›ืชื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืจืฉืข ืœื ื™ื ืงื” ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ืคื— ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ื•, ืืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ื™ืคื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื• ืœืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”.


ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืข"ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืชื™ืืจ ื“ื•-ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื•: "ืžึตืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐื’ึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉึดืืžึฐืšึธ ื‘ึดึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”, ืžึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึดืจึธืึฒืšึธ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึธืึธืชึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื›ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธื ืžึตืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึธึผืžื•ึนืšึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ื™ึดื‘ึฐืขึฒืจื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดื›ึฐืกึธืœื•ึผ ืžื•ึผืกึทืจ ื”ึฒื‘ึธืœึดื™ื ืขึตืฅ ื”ื•ึผื" (ื™, ื•โ€“ื—). ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžื”ืœืœ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืขื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืงื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”. ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืฆื™ื”ื ื•ื’ื ืœื”'-ืืœื”ื™ื-ืืžืช, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืขื•ื ืฉื ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื’ืœื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื ื•ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื™ื.


ื™ืชืจ-ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ืจืฉืขื•ืชื ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืชื, ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™-ืฉืจ"ื™ ืืฉืจ ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืžืจืฅ ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื•ืžื ื“ืœ-ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื:


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™-ืฉืจ"ื™, ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืจืขื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืœืชืขืชืข, ื•ืืกื‘ื™ืจ: ื”ื ืžื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืขืจึตืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื—ื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืžื•ืง, ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ื”ืืคืกื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืช, ืœื ื™ืขืจืขืจ ื‘ืžืื•ืžื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ื“ืจื• โ€“ ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ!ย ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื–ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื—ื“ืจืชืŸ ืœืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช! ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืžื’ื•ืžื’ืžืช ื•ืžืกื•ืœืคืช ืชืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืกื™ืœื™ื ื›"ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจ" ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืคื ืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืžืช, ื•"ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—" ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื ื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืœื™ืœื ื”ืžื’ื•ืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช! ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื•ืชื• ื–ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืช, ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืจ ืœืขื ื”' ืฆื‘ืื•ืช.


ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืช, ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื•ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ื• ืจื‘ื ื• ืž"ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืžืช" ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช (ื, ื•): "ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืข ื•ื ืชืคืจืกืžื• ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฆื“ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื“ ืœืจืข [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืื 99 ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจืง ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืจืขื”], ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืจืข ืืžืจ: 'ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึฐื—ึทื ึตึผืŸ ืงื•ึนืœื•ึน ืึทืœ ืชึทึผืึฒืžึถืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ืชึผื•ึนืขึตื‘ื•ึนืช ื‘ึฐึผืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน' [ืžืฉ' ื›ื•, ื›ื”]".


ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืจืื• ื ื ืคืกืงื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” (ื‘, ื—โ€“ื˜):


"ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื’ื•ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ [...] ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืย ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืœื [ื’ื ืื ื™ืชื—ื ื ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื›ื• ืขื“ ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ื], ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื›ึธึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึนื ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ื•ึผ ืึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึดึผื™ื' [ืžืฉ' ื‘, ื™ื˜] [...] ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืžื”ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึดึผืงึฐืจึทื‘ ืึถืœ ืคึถึผืชึทื— ื‘ึตึผื™ืชึธื”ึผ' [ืžืฉ' ื”, ื—], ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”".


ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืชืขืชืข ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืฉืžื™ื, ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืกื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื•.


ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื,ย ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ. ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืกืžืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื›ืš ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืกืžืœ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื•ืœ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืคื•ืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื˜ืœืคื™ื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ: "ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื ื•". ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื ืžื“ื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื, ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืขื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืืคืœื•ืช.


ื—. ืจืฉืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”


ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸย โ€“ ื™ื—ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ (ื—ืœืง ื‘)", ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸย ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื, ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื ืจ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœื”" (ืขืž' 321โ€“322), ืืฉืจ ื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื”, ืืš ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืจื‘ื• ื”ื˜ืžื โ€“ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงื•ืงื• (ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื ืชืขื‘), ืฉืจื—ืง ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืชื• ื–ื• ืžืื“ ืžื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืจืžื– ืฉืคื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื ืจ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื•:


"ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืฃ ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” [=ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”' ื•ืœื 'ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”'?ย ื•ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•] ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื‘ืœ [=ื’ื ื–ืืช ืžืœื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืืžืจ 'ืฉืงืจ ื•ื›ื–ื‘'ย ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ืžืื“, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืช ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื] [...] ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ [?] ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื”ืจื•ืงื—, ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“, ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• [ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ 'ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื”ื“ืขืช']. [...] ืจื‘ื ื• ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ: 'ื”ืจืžื‘"ื [...] ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช [...] ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ [...] ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืฆืœื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื—ื ืš [...] ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื [...] ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื–ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ ืžืคืจืกื•ืžื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ'".


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ืงื•ืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื™ืงืจ ื•ื›ื™ื–ื‘! ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืื’ื™ื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ! ื•ืื ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืืžืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืชืคืจืกืžื•? ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงืจืŸ ืฉืคืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืชืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืื’ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“, ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื•, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืžืื•ืžื”. "ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ืชึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึทืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึดืชึผึธื ื•ึผ? ืึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืœึทืฉึผืึถืงึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืขึตื˜ ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ืกึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื" (ื™ืจ' ื—, ื—).


ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืกืœื” ื”ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”, ืืš ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื ื”ืžืขืคื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืง, ืืฉืจ ืžืขืงืžื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืืžืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื–ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื›ืฉืคื™ื... ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื’ืœื” ืงืœื•ื ื ื•ืงืœื•ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฉืงืขื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื‘ืœื•. ื•ืื ื—ื›ืžื™-ื™ื•ืขืฆื™-ืืฉื›ื ื– ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื“ืช ืžืฉื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื—ืกืžืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื.


ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ื˜ืขื™ื” ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงื•ืง, ืืฉืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืชื•ืœื” ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืจื‘ื ื•: "ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ [...] ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืฆืœื• ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื—ื ืš" ื•ื›ื•'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช "ืื—ืจืื™ืช", ื›ืŸ! ื–ื• "ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช" ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืฉืงืจ ื•ืœื›ื–ื‘ ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืืžืช ืœื ืชืฆื ืœืื•ืจ! ื•ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ื ืจืฆืข ืžื”ืœืœ ื•ืžืคืืจ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืืœื”ื™ ืฉืœ "ืงื•ึนืœ ื“ึฐึผืžึธืžึธื” ื“ึทืงึธึผื”"!


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืงื•: "ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข" ื”ื ืฉืงืจ ื•ื›ื–ื‘, ื•ืขื“-ื›ื“ื™-ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขื-ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื ื•? ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ. ืืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื™ืœืฃ ื•ื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™-ื™ื•ืขืฆื™-ืืฉื›ื ื– ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืจืื•: "ื”ืฉื“ื™ื โ€“ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื˜ึผึธืื™ื", "ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืขื™ืŸ ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื".


ืื’ื‘, ืจื‘ื ื• ืชืงืฃ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืชื•, ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื–ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ" ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืื• ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื™ื• ื•ืœื‘ื• ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืกื™ืœ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ืคืกืงื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืืžืจ: "ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื โ€“ ื—ืœืง ื":


ื‘ืจื, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช-ื”ืžืชื™ื ืื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคื›ืคื›ื” ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™: "ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”", ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื”ื”: ืœื“ืขืชื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช-ื”ืžืชื™ื, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื”-ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ-ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช-ื”ืžืชื™ื, ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ื—ื– ืžืคื•ืกืงื™ื™ืจื (ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืจืื‘"ื“), ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื (ืขืž' ืคื‘): "ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ [...] ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจย ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื™ื‘ื”ย ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฆื“ ืื•ืžืจื•".


ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ


ื”ื™ื” ื“ืจื“ืขื™ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ึดืคื ื” ืœื™ ืขื•ืจืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื— ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื• ื”ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืกืงื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•:


"ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืืจื™ [ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืคื—] ืื™ื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื” [ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”] ื—ื˜ื ืืš ืื ื• ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืœื ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืจื•ืง ืœื‘ืืจ. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœื ืœืงื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชืš ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืœื ื—ื™ืจื•ืคื• ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืคื• ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”]".


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื "ื ื‘ื™ื" ืจืง ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืœืงืืคื— ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”? ื•ืขืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื• ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื™ื™ื—ื“ืชื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืืจื•ืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžื—ืœืœ-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื, ื•ืืฃ ื”ึดืชืขื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช.


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืงืืคื— ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืืคื— ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืกื•ืย ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงืคืื• ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจ ืื– ื–ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืืžืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืงืืคื— ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืกื•ื ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉืชืงืคื• ืื•ืชื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื” ืžืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืงืืคื— ืœื ื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™,ย ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™!ย ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืฉืงืืคื— ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ-ืืœื™ืœื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™-ืืœื™ืœื™ ื—ื›ืžื™-ื™ื•ืขืฆื™-ืืฉื›ื ื–. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœืขื™ืœ, ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื– ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืงืืคื— ื”ืืจื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”!


ื•ืจืื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืงื•, ืกื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงืืคื— ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืืžืช ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช! ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืงืืคื— ื’ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื—ื ื•ืคืชื• ืœืงื•ืงื• ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ื”ืืœื™ืœื•ืช! ื•ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื—ืชื™ ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืขื ื–ืงืŸ ืชื™ืžื ื™ ืกื›ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืœื ืึดืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ืคืจื™ืข "ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—" ืื•ืชื™ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคื—!


ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืฆื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืงืืคื— ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื• ื•ืžืขืœืœื™ื• ื•ื’ื ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ืงื• ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืืจื• ื”ืงืจืื™, ืื•ืชื• ื ื”ื’ ืœื›ื ื•ืช 'ืžืจืŸ'), ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืกื ื‘ืชึปืฉื‘ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช! ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืงืืคื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืืš ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืกืœื”...


ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืงืืคื— ืฉื’ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ-ื”ืฉื ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื’ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ: "ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื", ื•ื‘ืœ ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืงืืคื— ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ึดืชืขื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ.


ื•ืœืขืฆื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ืืžืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืงืืคื— ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ืฉื“ืžืš ื•ื‘ืฉืจืš ืžืคื ื” ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœื“ืจื›ืš, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืชืงื™ืขืช ื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ-ื”ืื•ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœื• ืกื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืชื• ืžืœื”ื”ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืกืคืจื• "ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื" ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœืคื™ื• โ€“ ื•ื‘ืœ ื ืฉื›ื— ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ืžืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ ื™ืžื™ื•, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื’ื™ื“ืœ ื•ื—ื™ื ืš ื•ื˜ื™ืคื— ืืช ืงืืคื— ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื• ื”ื™ืฉื™ืฉ.


ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื ' ืกืœื™ืžืืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•? ื”ืื™ืŸ ืฆืขืจ ื•ื›ืื‘ ืœื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืš-ื ื›ื“ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืคื—ืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืชื›ื—ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš ื•ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”? ื•ืืฃ ืจื•ืžื– ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื—ื‘ืœ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ "ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื" ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื›ืชื‘? ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ืขืจื•ืกื™, ืงืืคื— ื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื• ื”ื™ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืกื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ืงืืคื— ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื›ืชื‘! ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื ืžื ืข ืžืกื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”"ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”" (ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื— ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”), ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืฉืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื›ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืื•ืจ ื”ืืžืช (ืจืื•: 'ืฉื•ืขืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืจืžื™ื'). "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ืจึธืื•ึผ ืื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผึธื”ึดื™ืจ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึฐื—ึธืงึดื™ื" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื–, ื›ื).


"ื›ึดึผื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ื’ึดึผื‘ึฐืขึธื” ื’ึฐึผื‘ึนื”ึธื” ื•ึฐืชึทื—ึทืช ื›ึธึผืœ ืขึตืฅ ืจึทืขึฒื ึธืŸ ืึทืชึฐึผ ืฆึนืขึธื” ื–ึนื ึธื”. ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ืšึฐ ืฉึนื‚ืจึตืง ื›ึปึผืœึนึผื” ื–ึถืจึทืข ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐืึตื™ืšึฐ ื ึถื”ึฐืคึทึผื›ึฐืชึฐึผ ืœึดื™ ืกื•ึผืจึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึถึผืคึถืŸ ื ึธื›ึฐืจึดื™ึธึผื”. ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื ืชึฐึผื›ึทื‘ึฐึผืกึดื™ ื‘ึทึผื ึถึผืชึถืจ ื•ึฐืชึทืจึฐื‘ึดึผื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื‘ึนึผืจึดื™ืช ื ึดื›ึฐืชึธึผื ืขึฒื•โ€ึนื ึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ ื ึฐืึปื ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ึฐื™ึด. ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืชึนึผืืžึฐืจึดื™ ืœึนื ื ึดื˜ึฐืžึตืืชึดื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืขึธืœึดื™ื ืœึนื ื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืจึฐืึดื™ ื“ึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืšึฐ ื‘ึทึผื’ึทึผื™ึฐื ื“ึฐึผืขึดื™ ืžึถื” ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืช ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐืจึธื” ืงึทืœึธึผื” ืžึฐืฉึธื‚ืจึถื›ึถืช ื“ึฐึผืจึธื›ึถื™ื”ึธ [...] ื•ึทืชึนึผืืžึฐืจึดื™ ื ื•ึนืึธืฉื, ืœื•ึนื, ื›ึดึผื™ ืึธื”ึทื‘ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื–ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถื ืึตืœึตืšึฐ. ื›ึฐึผื‘ึนืฉึถืืช ื’ึทึผื ึธึผื‘ ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดืžึธึผืฆึตื ื›ึตึผืŸ ื”ึนื‘ึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึตืžึธึผื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ื”ึถื ืฉึธื‚ืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื›ึนื”ึฒื ึตื™ื”ึถืย ื•ึผื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึตื™ื”ึถื. ืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึธืขึตืฅ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐืœึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืึทืชึฐึผ ื™ึฐืœึดื“ึฐืชึธึผื ื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™ ืคึธื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ืขึนืจึถืฃ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืคึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึตืช ืจึธืขึธืชึธื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ. ื•ึฐืึทื™ึตึผื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืœึธึผืšึฐ ื™ึธืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืึดื ื™ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขื•ึผืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืขึตืช ืจึธืขึธืชึถืšึธ ื›ึดึผื™ ืžึดืกึฐืคึทึผืจ ืขึธืจึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”" (ื™ืจ' ื‘).


ืงืžืฆื•ืฅ ืžืกืžื™ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืง
.pdf
Download PDF โ€ข 345KB

1,086 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช4 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
bottom of page