top of page

ื”ืื ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ื™ืงื•ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื”?

ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื”ื•, ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ึผื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืœ"ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช" ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื• ื”ืฉื›ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืžืช-ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืœื ืฉืœืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื–ืžื ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ, ืจืง ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื“ื ืžืช ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงื•ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื ื“ืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงื•ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช-ื”ืžืชื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืืœื•: ื•ื”ืœื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื™ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช-ื”ืžืชื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืืคื•ื ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ื–ื• ื’ืœื•ืช ื˜ืžืื”?


ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื•ึผื— ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ ืฉืื‘ื•ื ืœ"ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช" ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ืจื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœ"ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช". ืœื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ืชืคื›ื— ืžืกื›ืœื•ืชื, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื ืœืคื˜ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื”, ื•ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืขืงื•ื ื ื“ืžื” ืœืš ื›ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ...


ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜: ื”ื ื”ื•ื–ื™ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื”ื’ืขื” ืœืฉื’ื‘ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืืคืกื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”. ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื“ืขืช! ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื‚ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื’ืกื” ื‘ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืคืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ึผืช โ€“ ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืžื˜ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ื ื•: ืฉื ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœื™ื• ืชื•ืš ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจืชื” (ืจืื•: 'ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืจื”'). ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™, ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ืŸ 80+ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื "ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช" ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืœื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืจื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžืชืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื’ื•ืœืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื™ืื•: "ื›ึผึฐื”ึดืชึผึธืขื•ึนืช ืฉืึดื›ึผื•ึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื™ืื•ึน" (ื™ืฉ' ื™ื˜, ื™ื“), "ื•ึฐืกึธืคึทืง ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื™ืื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื—ึนืง" (ื™ืจ' ืžื—, ื›ื•), "ื›ึผึฐื›ึถืœึถื‘ ืฉืึธื‘ ืขึทืœ ืงึตืื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืกึดื™ืœ ืฉืื•ึนื ึถื” ื‘ึฐืึดื•ึผึทืœึฐืชึผื•ึน" (ืžืฉ' ื›ื•, ื™ื).


ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืžืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื? ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉื ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉืžื•ึนืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื• ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ (ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ื•ืฆืœืžื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœืฉื›ืจื”). ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: "ืึดื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช ื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื”ึฒื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื”?" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื“, ื™ื“), "ื›ึผึธืœึธื” ืขึธื ึธืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึทืšึฐ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ื•ึนืจึตื“ ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื”" (ืฉื, ื–, ื˜), "ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึถืจึถื ืึตืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึธืฉืื•ึผื‘" (ืฉื ื™, ื›ื), "ื”ึฒืœึทืžึผึตืชึดื™ื ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืคึผึถืœึถื ืึดื ืจึฐืคึธืึดื™ื ื™ึธืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ื™ื•ึนื“ื•ึผืšึธ ืกึผึถืœึธื”" (ืชื”' ืคื—, ื™ื), "ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘" (ืฉื ืขื—, ืœื˜), "ืžึดื™ ื’ึถื‘ึถืจ ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืžึผึธื•ึถืช ื™ึฐืžึทืœึผึตื˜ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืื•ึน ืžึดื™ึผึทื“ ืฉืึฐืื•ึนืœ ืกึถืœึธื”" (ืฉื ืคื˜, ืžื˜). ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช-ื”ืžืชื™ื, ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื ื“ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืžืช, ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื ื•?


ืชืคื™ืฉื‚ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืฉืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ืขืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื™ืงื•ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘"ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืชื•" ื•ืจื•ื—ื• ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ! ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื™ ืื•ืชื• ื—ืกื™ื“ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืชืขื” ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื”ื "ืฉืœื•ึผื—ื™ื", ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื ื“ืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงื•ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื”, ืืš ื›ื•ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื—ื• ื—ื™ื” ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื”! ื”ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ืืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื.


ื•ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื ื—ืžื“ื•ืชื ื•ื—ื™ื•ื›ื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืคื•ืขืœื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืœื—ืฉ ืœืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืข (ื™ื“, ื“): "ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึฐืฉึธืืจึดื™ื ื“ึทึผืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐืฆึทื“ึดึผืงึดื™ื ื™ึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ื•ึผืคึนืฉึฐืืขึดื™ื ื™ึดื›ึธึผืฉึฐืืœื•ึผ ื‘ึธื". ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉ"ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื" ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื ืื™ื ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื! ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื–ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”: "ืœึนื ืชึนืื‘ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธื—ื•ึนืก ืขึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทื—ึฐืžึนืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื•" (ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื˜). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื "ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื", ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืžื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช. ื•ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื—ืžืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ืื’ื’ ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจืขื” ืžืžื ื• ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื”!


ื—ื‘"ื“ ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื "ืš ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื โ€“ ื”ืื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื ืขืœื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืจืฉืขื•ืชื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืฆื™ื”ื? ื”ืื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื—ืžืœื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื? ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืื ื”ื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืื• ืจืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืš ืฉืชื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืš ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืคืกื—, ืื– ื ื•ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื•ืœื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ึทืช ื”'?! "ืœึนื ืชึดืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ึถื” ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืขึธื‘ึฐื“ึตื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื” ื›ึฐึผืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื™ื”ึถื, ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึธืจึตืก ืชึฐึผื”ึธืจึฐืกึตื ื•ึฐืฉึทืื‘ึตึผืจ ืชึฐึผืฉึทืื‘ึตึผืจ ืžึทืฆึตึผื‘ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื" (ืฉืž' ื›ื’, ื›ื“).


ื. "ื•ึทื™ึทึผืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื™ื™ึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉึถืื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน"


ืื ืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื˜ื˜ ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึทื™ึทึผืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื™ื™ึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉึถืื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน" (ืฉืž' ื™ื“, ืœื), ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื” ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ('ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื ื“ืžืฉื”'). ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืš, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™, ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื "ืขืฆืžื•ึผืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืกื›ืœื•ืชื, ื”ืชื’ืœื ื•ื”ืชื’ืฉื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ืฉืกื•ืคื• ื”ืจื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืœืขื”! ื•ื–ื• ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช!


ื•ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ืœื ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœื™ื: "ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•ึผืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ" ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื• ืฉื”ื "ืขืฆืžื•ึผืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ", ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” โ€“ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”"ืขืฆืžื•ึผืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ" ื”ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• "ืขืฆืžื•ึผืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ". ืžืฉืœ ื”ื™ื” ื–ืื•ืก ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืืœื™ืœื™-ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืคื ืชื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘"ื“ื ื™ืงื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™. ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ื›ืš ืคื•ืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืชืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื, ื•): "ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉืžื˜ืขื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืจื—ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึตื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ื [ื•ึฐืจึดื—ึทืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึถึผืšึธ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืข ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื’, ื™ื—)]". "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืชึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืคึทื—ึฒื–ื•ึผืชึธื [...] ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืขึตื™ืœ ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืœึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ" (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื›ื’, ืœื‘).


ื™ืชืจ-ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื” ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ? ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช-ื™ื-ืกื•ืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื•ื ืชื ื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขื“ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™,ย ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื• ื•ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”ืย ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•. ื”ืื ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื›ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขืœื” ืœื”ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืœื™ืœื”? ื”ืื ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืื“ืžืช ื ึตื›ืจ?


ื•ืื ื™ืกืคืจื• ืœื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ "ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช" ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•, ืืฉื™ื‘ื: ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืขืœื™-ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืื‘ื•-ืขืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื–ื™ื” ืืœื™ืœื™ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ืจื”. ืืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”, ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.


"ื•ึทื™ึผึทืชึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ื™ืจ' ื›ื’, ื™ื’).


ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืง ื— ื”ืœื›ื” ื ื•ืื™ืœืš (ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคึผึฐืกืงื•ืช ืœืงืžืŸ):


"ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” [...] ื•ื‘ืžื” ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื•? ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™: ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืจืื• ื•ืœื ื–ืจ, ื•ืื•ื–ื ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืขื• ื•ืœื ืื—ึตืจ โ€“ ื”ืืฉ ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืœืคื™ื“ื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœ ื”ืขืจืคืœ, ื•ื”ืงื•ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื: 'ืžืฉื”, ืžืฉื”, ืœืš ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ืคึธึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืคึธื ึดื™ื ื“ึดึผื‘ึถึผืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืขึดืžึธึผื›ึถื' [ื“ื‘' ื”, ื“] [...]


ื•ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื•ืคื™? ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื‘ึธึผื ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืขึทื‘ ื”ึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื™ึดืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึฐึผื“ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ ืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ [=ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืžืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื] ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื' [ืฉืž' ื™ื˜, ื˜] โ€“ ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ืืœื ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” [=ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืงืจืข ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื™ื, ืœื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ืขื“ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™!].


ื ืžืฆืื• ืืœื• ืฉืึถืฉืึผื•ึผืœึผึธื— ืœื”ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื ืฉืœื— ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื], ื”ื ื”ืขื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืช, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืื•ืช: ืฉื”ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืจืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืขึตื“ ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืืžืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ื›ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• โ€“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ื™ื ืœื• ืื—ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ืื•ืช".


ื’ื ื‘"ืื™ื’ืจืช ืชื™ืžืŸ" ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืื•ืžืชื ื• (ืขืž' ื›ื—โ€“ื›ื˜), ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืคึผึฐืกืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:


"ื•ื–ึดื›ืจื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ื”' ืœื–ื›ืจื•ึน ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ื• ืžืœืฉื›ื—ื•ึน ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ึน ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื•: [...] 'ื”ึดืฉึธึผืืžึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึนืจ ื ึทืคึฐืฉึฐืืšึธ ืžึฐืึนื“, ืคึถึผืŸ ืชึดึผืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื— ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ, ื•ึผืคึถืŸ ื™ึธืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ืžึดืœึฐึผื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึนึผืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึถึผื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ. ื™ื•ึนื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืžึทื“ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผื—ึนืจึตื‘' [ื“ื‘' ื“, ื˜โ€“ื™] [...] ื•ืชืกึทืคืจื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื”ืœ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื“ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ [ืืœ ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™], ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ื”ื• ืžืื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื•ืžืžื•ึน ื”' ื•ืืžืจ: 'ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึฐืืึทืœ ื ึธื ืœึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืจึดืืฉึนืื ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ [...] [ื”ึฒื ึดื”ึฐื™ึธื” ื›ึทึผื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืื•ึน ื”ึฒื ึดืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื›ึธึผืžึนื”ื•ึผ] ื”ึฒืฉึธืืžึทืข ืขึธื ืงื•ึนืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืึตืฉื [ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึธืืžึทืขึฐืชึธึผ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึทื™ึถึผื—ึดื™]' [ื“ื‘' ื“, ืœื‘โ€“ืœื’].


ื•ื“ืขื• ืื—ื™ื ื•, [...] ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” [...] ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื“ื™ื [=ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”] ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืชืฉืžืข ืื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ืชืจืื” ื–ื”ืจื• ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ โ€“ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืง ืฉืœื ื™ึดืฉึฐืื ึตื”ื•ึผ ืžึดืฉืึฐื ึถื” [=ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื], ื•ื™ื•ืฉื’ ืœื ื• ื‘ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืงืฉื™ื, ืขื ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฉืžื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื” [=ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื ื•ืกื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื“ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”] [...] ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืชื—ื–ืงื• ื‘ืขืช ื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ [...] ื•ืœื ืชืกื˜ื• ื•ืœื ืชื˜ืขื• [ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ]. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ึดื–ืงื• ืื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชื›ื, ื•ืึดืžืฆื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื›ื, ื•ืขึดืžื“ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื›ื.


ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืข"ื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ืœืืฉื” ื™ืคื” ื›ืœื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžื•ื, ื›ืืžืจื•ึน: 'ื›ึปึผืœึธึผืšึฐ ื™ึธืคึธื” ืจึทืขึฐื™ึธืชึดื™ ื•ึผืžื•ึผื ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผืšึฐ' [ืฉื™ื”"ืฉ ื“, ื–], ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• [ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืืฉืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื• ืžื›ืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืื”], ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ื โ€“ ืœืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ืชื™ื ื”ืžืคืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื”ืŸ ืชื™ืขื•ื‘. ื›ืš ื”ืœืœื• ืžืกื™ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื”ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืชื ื•ื ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืขื ื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืื•ืชื ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืชื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™? ื”ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœื™ ื›ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื™ื™ื?


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื [=ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ] ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื—ืช ืขืžื”ื ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”ื: ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื—ื ื” ืืœื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืงืคืชื›ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื•ึน ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืœ: 'ืฉืื•ึผื‘ึดื™ ืฉืื•ึผื‘ึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึผืœึทืžึดึผื™ืช ืฉืื•ึผื‘ึดื™ ืฉืื•ึผื‘ึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึถื—ึฑื–ึถื” ื‘ึธึผืšึฐ ืžึทื” ืชึถึผื—ึฑื–ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืฉึผืื•ึผืœึทืžึดึผื™ืช ื›ึดึผืžึฐื—ึนืœึทืช ื”ึทืžึทึผื—ึฒื ึธื™ึดื' [ืฉื ื–, ื], ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึผืœึทืžึดึผื™ืช โ€“ ื”ื ืขืœื” [=ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ]. ื•ึผืžึฐื—ึนืœึทืช ื”ึทืžึทึผื—ึฒื ึธื™ึดื ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืืžืจื•ึน: 'ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึดืงึฐืจึทืืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึทึผื—ึฒื ึถื”' [ืฉืž' ื™ื˜, ื™ื–] ื•ืžื—ื ื” ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื•ืืžืจ: 'ืจึถื›ึถื‘ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืจึดื‘ึนึผืชึทื™ึดื ืึทืœึฐืคึตื™ ืฉึดืื ึฐืึธืŸ' [ืชื”' ืกื—, ื™ื—]".


ื”ืื ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื™ื™ื? ื”ืื ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืžื•ืคืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•? ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืœืง ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ึผื—ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืชืคืจื ืกื™ื ืžืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืชืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืจืฅ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื”. ื•ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืจื‘, ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืœืžื“ื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ื’ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื“ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื” ื•ืžื›ืกื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืชื•ืจืชื ืื• ืชืจื•ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื–ื™ืžื” ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื.


ื•ืืกื™ื™ื ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื (ืขืž' ื›ื–):


"ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื•ึผ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ โ€“ ืžึฐืึทืžึผึฐืชึดื™ื, [ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•] ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื•, ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืกื˜ื” ืžื”ื“ืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื–ืจืข ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื [ืžื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ], ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื [ื—ื›ืžื™ื] ืข"ื” ื‘ืžืคืงืคืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช: 'ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™' [='ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืขื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืื—ืจื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืขืžื“, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื–ืจืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ืงืืคื— ืฉื)]".


ื‘. ื”ืื ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•?


ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืœ, ืืš ืชืขื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ืจืžื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ืขืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื” ื”ืื™ืฉ ืงึตืจื‘ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” โ€“ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ืงื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™-ื”ืžืฉื ื”. ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื” ื•ืžื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืฉืžื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ.


ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืฉื” ื•ืœื ื™ืงื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” โ€“ ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื™-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื›ื•ืคืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื•ื ืื“ื ื›ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช: "ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•. ื•ื”ื•ื, ืฉื ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจ ื”' ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืžื ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ื•ื™ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื•ืฉื™ืžึผึธืฆื [...] ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืงืคืง ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืืœื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก ื•ืงื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื‚ื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืžึฐืฉึทื‚ื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึถืฉึฐื‚ื ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึฐืงื•ึนืžึฐืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืชึฐืงื•ึนื˜ึธื˜' [ืชื”' ืงืœื˜, ื›ื]".


ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•: "ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” โ€“ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•"; "ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•"; "ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืืžืช ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ ืฉืงืจ?"; "ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•"; "ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื•?"; "ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• โ€“ ื”ืื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื•?".


ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ืœืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืจื—ืœ ื‘ืชืš ื”ืงื˜ื ื”, ืขืฆื ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•-ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืคืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืจื ืœื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื—ื™ืงืชื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœืคืชื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•. ื•ื—ึถืฉื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฆืฆื• ืืช ื“ืžื•, ืœื ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžืขืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง: ื”ืื ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ? ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื” ืžืื“ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ื”ึดืชืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ ื—ื‘"ื“, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื’ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•: ืžื’ืœื•ืžื ื™ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”.


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืื“ื ืขืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื’ื”, ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื. ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื‘ื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืฉื’ื” ื•ื—ื˜ื! ื•ืขืฆื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืืœื™ืœื ื”ืžืฉื•ืงืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืืฃ ื—ืจืคื” ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.


ื’. ื”ืื ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื?


ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ: ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื? ื ืชืขืœื ืœืจื’ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืข"ื” ืฉืžืื– ืฉื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืœืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื™ืœ ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืฉื›ืœื™ืช, ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื (ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”' ืฉืœื—ื•ึน, ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื™ื?).


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื ื™ื— ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ึผื›ื— ื›ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ! ื”ืื ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ? ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช, ืฉืื ื ืคืœ ื“ื‘ืจ-ืžื” ื•ืœื•ึผ ื”ืงืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืื•ืชื• ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืจ ื•ื ื”ืจื’ ืžื™ื“ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• 99.9 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืŸ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ืžื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจ: "ื”ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช?".


ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช, ื”ื™ื” ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืœื• ืกื™ื•ืข ืืœื”ื™, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืขืœืžืช ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืื™ื•ืžื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ื•ืคืœืื™, "ื•ึทื™ึผึตื“ึทืข ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื“ึผึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืจ ืฉืึธื‘ึทืข ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึถืึฑืžึธืŸ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืœึฐื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึทื™ื™ึธ" (ืฉ"ื ื’, ื›), ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงืœ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืจ, ืจืฉืข ื”ื•ื–ื” ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ...


ื•ืืฃ ืื ื ืชืขืœื ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื ื ื™ื— ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช, ื”ืื ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืขื” ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื”ื• ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช?! ื”ืื ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื•ื—ื• ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื” ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื”? ื”ืื ื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ืคื— ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•?


ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืคื ืื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื: ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ืœืจื•ืคื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• "ืฉื™ืคืชื—ื• ืกืคืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ืคืชื—ื• ืกืคืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™, ื•ืฉื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชื.


ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื• ืคื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ื•ืจืืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื”ื•ืจืืชื• ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” "ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™" (ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ึผื—ื™ื• ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื•), ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ืืฃ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ! ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืกืคืจื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื (ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืจื›ืื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื™ืจื›ืื•ืช), ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื. ื”ื•ืจืืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื’ืจืžื” ืœืชืงืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกื›ื ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ืขืฆื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” "ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช" ืขื ืื“ื ืžืช ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืืœื™ืœื™ื! ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื ื‘ื™ื-ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื™ื— ืื—ืจื™ื• ืชืงืœื” ืืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื–ื•?


ื‘ืขื•ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื”, ืฆืฆื” ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื•ื›ื•ืชืจืชื”: "ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื ื”", ื•ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืœืจื’ืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœื ื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื•ื“ื‘ืงื” ืชืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ืงื•ืจื ืื™ื’ืจืช ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื” ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืืฃ ื ืืžืจ:


"ืืœืคื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืจื‘ื™ [...] ื›ึผึดืชื‘ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืจื‘ื™ [...] ื•ืจืื• ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ืฆืœื” ื•ืจืคื•ืื”".


ื•ืฉืžื ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ื’ ื”ืžื•ืœื“ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืื™ื˜ืœื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืœื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉ"ื•, ืืฉืจ ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ึผึนื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืœื”ื–ื™ื™ืช ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื ื•ืจื‘ื โ€“ ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ"ื•. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื:



ืฉืœื•ึผื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืฉืจื‘ื˜ื• ืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื’ืจื•ืช 'ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ'), ื•ืžื“ื™ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ืžืคื™-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื”, ื”ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื•ืชื. ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื•ืช" ืฉื™ืกื™ืจื• ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ืขื•ืœ ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื”ื โ€“ ืฉื ืขื ืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื.


ื•ื‘ึดืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”'-ืืœื”ื™ื-ืืžืช ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ื‘ื“ึทืžื•ืชื ืฉืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืกืคืจื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ื‘ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืžืชื™ื "ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื" ืื•ืชื, ื•ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื•"ืžืชึทืงืฉืจื™ื" ืขืžื. ื•ืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื™ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืืš ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื›ืจื™ืชื” ืžืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.


"ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดื‘ึทึผืœึฐืขึธื“ึทื™ ืึตืœ ืฆึทื“ึดึผื™ืง ื•ึผืžื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขึท ืึทื™ึดืŸ ื–ื•ึผืœึธืชึดื™, ืคึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ื•ึฐื”ึดื•ึผึธืฉืึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทืคึฐืกึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื“" (ื™ืฉ' ืžื”, ื›ืโ€“ื›ื‘).


ื•ื”ื ื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื“ืฃ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ:



ื“. ืžืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื?


ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื”ื™ื, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื›ื–ื”? ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ึผึนื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”? ืื™ืš ื”ื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืœ"ืชึทืงืฉืจ" ืขื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ืช? ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื™ึธืจึฐืื•ึผ ืžืืœ-ืืžืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื• ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ื˜ืžืื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื” ื‘ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ? ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืฉืคืœ ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืจื•ืช, ืœืคืกื’ืช ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”?! ืื™ืš?!


ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช (ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ื ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื), ื•ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ึผึดื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืืžืช: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื• ืžึตืึธื” ื•ึฐืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึดื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื”" (ื‘ืจ' ื•, ื’); ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” (ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ื ืžืช ื›ืจื’ืข ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงื•ื) โ€“ ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ืžื™ืชืช ื”ืื“ื? ื•ืื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื”, ืืฉืืœื: ืื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืืžืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ืžื—ืœืง ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื–ื™ืžื”?!


ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ึฐืœึธืึดื˜ึผึดื™ื (=ืœืžื›ืฉืคื™ื), ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื•ื ื• ื ืคืชื— ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ึนืช. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืžืื“:


ื) ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: 1) ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื ื›ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืงืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ื‘ื ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ื˜ื–, ื™ื˜): "ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื™ึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืžึตืึทืคึฐืกึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ, ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึทืšึฐ ืฉึถืืงึถืจ ื ึธื—ึฒืœื•ึผ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึถื‘ึถืœ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ". ืื•ืœื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืžื ืขืžื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคื•ื ื”ื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ืœื• ื‘ื”ื? 2) ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืจื‘ื-ืืœื™ืœื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžื•ึนืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจื”, ืืช ืžื™ ื•ืžื” ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืชื”? 3) ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื™ืฉ"ื• ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘"ื“ื ื™ืงื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื’ืจืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.


ื‘) ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื• ืžืื“ ืžืฉื›ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึฐืขึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืœึฐืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื™ื”ึถื" (ืชื”' ืงื•, ืœื”), ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ"ื• ื”ื™ื” "ืขืฆืžื•ึผืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ" ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืš ื’ื ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืกืคื™ืจื™ื˜ื•ืืœื™-ื ืฆื—ื™ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉื—ื™ืง ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืจืฆื” ืคื’ืื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื•.


ื’) ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืชืœืžื•ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื™ื™ืชื™-ืืœื™ืœื™, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืžืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืื‘ื• ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื•ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื’ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ืœื•ืชื.


ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช (ื” ืข"ื‘) ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื: "ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ืžืช [...] ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืกืคื“ื• ืกืคื“ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื ื˜ื• ื—ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืจื• ืงื‘ืจื™ื? [...] ืžืงืจื ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืึทืœ ืชึดึผื™ืจึธื ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึตึผื—ึทืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืฉึดืื‘ึฐื™ึธื' [ื™ืจ' ืœ, ื™] โ€“ ืžืงื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื–ืจืขื•, ืžื” ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื".


ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื: "ืžืงืจื ืื ื™ ื“ื•ืจืฉ โ€“ ื•ื”ืื™ ื“ื—ื ื˜ื• ื—ื ื˜ื™ื, ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืžืช [...]; ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ [...] ื•ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ, [ื–ื”ื•] ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™]; ื•ื“ื—ื ื˜ื• ื—ื ื˜ื™ื โ€“ ื ื“ืžื” ืœื”ื ืฉืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ ื”ื™ื”". ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ"ื™ ืžืชืขืœื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื•ืชื•ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืœ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืื’ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื˜ืžื˜ืžื” ืืช ืขึทืžึผึตื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืกื›ืœ, ื›ืขื•ืจ ื•ื ื‘ืœ. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื, ื›ื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื• (ื›ืžื• ื™ืฉ"ื•), ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื•.


ื•ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื’ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื” ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ, ืืฉืจ ื ื”ื’ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”" (ืื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืš ืœื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื•ืจื™ื—ื ื™ ืืœื ื™ื™ืŸ-ื ืกืš ืขื›ื•ืจ ื•ืกืจื•ื— ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื˜ืžื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช). ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื’ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ ืกืžื•ื™ ืœื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—-ื ืฆื—ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื”. ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืืš ืืžื™ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื), ื•ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื“ื•ึผืœื” ืœืฆื“ ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืžืขื•ืฉื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื—ื“ืจื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืžื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืชืื™ื.


ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื• ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืขื ื—ื›ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื™ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื ืฆื—ื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืจื•ืžึตื โ€“ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืชืชืŸ ืœื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื™ื. ืื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉืžื•. ืืš ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื ืฉืžืข, ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ ืœืชืœื™ื™ื”, ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ืฅ ืœื ื™ืชื•ืฅ, ืกื•ืฃ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ืจื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืœืขื”, ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืงืจ ืœืฆื•ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ื”ื™ืžืœื ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”' ื›ืžื™ื ืœื™ื ืžื›ืกื™ื...


ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ


ืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘"ื“ื ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืืœื ืœืฉื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืœื™ืฉื ืื™ืฉื”, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืจื ืกื”. ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช.


ืงืฆืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื’ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื”ื ืžื ืฆื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช! ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื โ€“ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ื“ืจื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืกื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื. ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ื”ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ!


"ื”ื•ึนื™ ืžึทืฉึฐืื›ึดึผื™ืžึตื™ ื‘ึทื‘ึนึผืงึถืจ ืฉึตืื›ึธืจ ื™ึดืจึฐื“ึนึผืคื•ึผ ืžึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื‘ึทื ึถึผืฉึถืืฃ ื™ึทื™ึดืŸ ื™ึทื“ึฐืœึดื™ืงึตื, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดื ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื ึถื‘ึถืœ ืชึนึผืฃ ื•ึฐื—ึธืœึดื™ืœ ื•ึธื™ึทื™ึดืŸ ืžึดืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืึตืช ืคึนึผืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืœึนื ื™ึทื‘ึดึผื™ื˜ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืœึนื ืจึธืื•ึผ, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื’ึธึผืœึธื” ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ืžึดื‘ึฐึผืœึดื™ ื“ึธืขึทืช ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึน ืžึฐืชึตื™ ืจึธืขึธื‘ ื•ึทื”ึฒืžื•ึนื ื•ึน ืฆึดื—ึตื” ืฆึธืžึธื, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืฉึฐึผืืื•ึนืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉึธืื”ึผ ื•ึผืคึธืขึฒืจึธื” ืคึดื™ื”ึธ ืœึดื‘ึฐืœึดื™ ื—ึนืง ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึทื“ ื”ึฒื“ึธืจึธื”ึผ ื•ึทื”ึฒืžื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืขึธืœึตื– ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ" (ื™ืฉ' ื”, ื™ืโ€“ื™ื“). "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื— ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืœ ื’ึผึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึธื ึดื™ืชึธ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื˜, ื).


"ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐืกึดื™ืชึฐืšึธ ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ื‘ึถืŸ ืึดืžึผึถืšึธ ืื•ึน ื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ืื•ึน ื‘ึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืื•ึน ืึตืฉืึถืช ื—ึตื™ืงึถืšึธ ืื•ึน ืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื›ึผึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึทืกึผึตืชึถืจ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื ึตืœึฐื›ึธื” ื•ึฐื ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ [...] ืœึนื ืชึนืื‘ึถื” ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธื—ื•ึนืก ืขึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทื—ึฐืžึนืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• [...] ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึดืงึผึตืฉื ืœึฐื”ึทื“ึผึดื™ื—ึฒืšึธ ืžึตืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ [...] ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึธืื•ึผืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืกึดืคื•ึผ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึธืจึธืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ" (ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื–โ€“ื™ื‘).


ื•ืื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื™, ื™), ื•ืžืžื ื” ื ืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื• ืื• ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื•:


"ื”ืจื•ืื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ืžื‘ืจืš: ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืชืŸ ืืจืš ืืคื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•. ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืขืงืจื” ืžืžื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”: ืื ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื, ืžื‘ืจืš: ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืขืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžืืจืฆื ื•; ื•ืื ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื”-ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื, ืžื‘ืจืš: ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืขืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”; ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ: ื›ืฉื ืฉืขืงืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืš ืชืขืงื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื™ื‘ ืœื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ืš".


ื ืกืคื—: ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”


ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”:


ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืžืืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื“ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืขื ืง ืžืžื“ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื•ืืœืคื™ื ื›ืžื•ืš ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื ื•ื’ื ืœื ืชืขืฉื•.


ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื—ื‘"ื“ ื•ืžืขืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืจื—ื‘, ื•ืฉื‚ื›ืจื ืื™ืชื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื–ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื”ื ืื™ืชื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื™ ืื™ืชื™, ื•ืื•ืœื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืžืจ, ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืชืฉืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ื•ืขืคืจ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•.


ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืš ื™ืจืืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืคืฉืš ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืžื”ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ึผื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื”, ืื—ืจืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืœื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื: ื”ืžื‘ื–ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืžื›ืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ื .ื‘. ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ืช ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืœืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื ื’ืืœื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืจื” ื•ื ื•ืจืื”, ื”' ื™ืฆื™ืœื ื•.


ื•ื–ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™:


"ื”ึฒืœึธืจึธืฉืึธืข ืœึทืขึฐื–ึนืจ ื•ึผืœึฐืฉื‚ึนื ึฐืึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืชึผึถืึฑื”ึธื‘? ื•ึผื‘ึธื–ึนืืช ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืงึผึถืฆึถืฃ ืžึดืœึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ!" (ื“ื”"ื‘ ื™ื˜, ื‘).


ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”, ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ึดืชืขื” ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ, ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืชื›ืกื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉืงืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืขืชื•ืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ืœื‘ ื”ืขื. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื›ื ืืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜: ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืขืœื™ืŸ. ืื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืืš ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ึดืชืขื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ.


ืื”ื‘ืชืš ืœื—ื‘"ื“ ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืชืขืชืขื™ื ืžืงืœืงืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืžืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื ื›ื•ื—ื”, ื”ื ืฉื™ื—ื“ื• ืื•ืชืš ื‘"ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื" ื•ื‘"ืœื™ื‘ื ื”ืจื—ื‘". ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื”ื ืœื "ืžื–ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื" ืืœื ืžื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ืžื˜ืžื˜ืžื™ื ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ โ€“ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ.


ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืœื’ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื™ืโ€ฆ


"ืฆึนืืŸ ืึนื‘ึฐื“ื•ึนืช ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ืจึนืขึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึดืชึฐืขื•ึผืย ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืื•ึนื‘ึฐื‘ื•ึผื ืžึตื”ึทืจ ืึถืœ ื’ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึธื” ื”ึธืœึธื›ื•ึผ ืฉืึธื›ึฐื—ื•ึผ ืจึดื‘ึฐืฆึธื" (ื™ืจ' ื ).


"ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐืึทืฉึผืึฐืจึตื™ [ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™] ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืžึทืชึฐืขึดื™ื, ื•ึผืžึฐืึปืฉึผืึธืจึธื™ื• [ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ื ื”ื’ื™ื•] ืžึฐื‘ึปืœึผึธืขึดื™ื" (ื™ืฉ' ื˜, ื˜ื•).


"ืขึทืžึผึดื™! ืžึฐืึทืฉึผืึฐืจึถื™ืšึธ [=ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ืš] ืžึทืชึฐืขึดื™ื ื•ึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึนืจึฐื—ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึดืœึผึตืขื•ึผ [=ื”ึดืชืขื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืชื”ื• ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืžึผึตื ื• ื‘ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœื”] [...] [ื•ืœื›ืŸ] ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึดื ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน" (ื™ืฉ' ื’, ื™ื‘โ€“ื™ื“).


"ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตืฆื•ึน ื™ึดืฉืึฐืึธืœ ื•ึผืžึทืงึฐืœื•ึน ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื–ึฐื ื•ึผื ึดื™ื ื”ึดืชึฐืขึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื" (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“, ื™ื‘).


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื”: ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื-ืžื ื“ืœ ืœืฆื“ ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ื•.

ืชืžื•ื ืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืžืืช: ืื‘ื’ื“ - ืžืฉืชืžืฉ. ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ: CC BY-SA 2.5.


ื”ืื ืžื ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ื™ืงื•ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื”
.pdf
Download PDF โ€ข 375KB

997 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช20 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
bottom of page