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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•?

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 28 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืณ 2021

ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื•, ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจ: "ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืœึนื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•", ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื ื™ื: "ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•". ืื•ืœื, ื”ืื“ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ืช ืžืฉื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื•ื”ืœืš ื—ืฉื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื”ื•ื‘ืœื™ื โ€“ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคืฉื˜ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืฉืžื• ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื•, ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉืคืœ.


ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ; ื•ืื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ื•ื”ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ 130 ืฉื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื ื™ืกื‘ืจื• ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ืกื‘ืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื•-ืฉืœ-ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืจืง ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืชื•ืคืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจื• ื›ืชื•ืคืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืžืชืช-ื”ืžื•ื“ืข ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืชื—ืœื—ืœ ืœืžื•ื“ืข ื‘ืœื™ ืกืคืง. ื•ื›ืš ืžืชืืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื™-ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื‘ืชื™-ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™, ื™ึทืขึทืŸ ื›ึดึผื™ ื ึดื’ึทึผืฉื ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืคึดื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉึฐื‚ืคึธืชึธื™ื• ื›ึดึผื‘ึฐึผื“ื•ึผื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืจึดื—ึทืง ืžึดืžึถึผื ึดึผื™ ื•ึทืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ื™ึดืจึฐืึธืชึธื ืึนืชึดื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืžึฐืœึปืžึธึผื“ึธื”, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืกึดืฃ ืœึฐื”ึทืคึฐืœึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื”ึทืคึฐืœึตื ื•ึธืคึถืœึถื ื•ึฐืึธื‘ึฐื“ึธื” ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึทืช ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื ึทืช ื ึฐื‘ึนื ึธื™ื• ืชึดึผืกึฐืชึทึผืชึธึผืจ".


ื•ื ืฆืจืฃ ืจืื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื›ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื, ื•), ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื• ืคื•ืกืง ื›ืš: "ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ-ื‘ืจื•ืš-ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื›ื™ ื™ื™ ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืžืžืขืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืชื—ืช' โ€“ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช" โ€“ ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื™ ืจืง ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ.


ื•ื ืฆืจืฃ ื’ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื ื‘): "ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื–ื•ืœืชื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื—ืกื• [...] ืœืžืงื•ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™]. [...] ืืœื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืงื“ืง ื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ึผึธืขึดื™ื•ึผืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ [...] ืฉื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ [...] ื”ืžืงื•ื, [...] [ื›ื™] ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืฃ [...] ื•ืœื›ืŸ [...] ืื™ืŸ ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื". ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืขืฆื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืžืžืฉื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ื’ื•ืฃ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื• ืœืชืืจื• ื›ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ. "ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึทืึปืžึฐื ึธื ื™ึตืฉืึตื‘ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ? ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ื™ึฐื›ึทืœึฐื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผืšึธ" (ืž"ื ื—, ื›ื–); "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ, ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึดืกึฐืึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึธื™, ืึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื‘ึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืžึฐื ื•ึผื—ึธืชึดื™?" (ื™ืฉ' ืกื•, ื).


ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื—ื›ื ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ, ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื• "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื", ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืžืœื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ื•ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื•ืคืจืง ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืคืงืจื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื•ืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื—ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื ื•ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืกื™ื ื•ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื ืคืฉื™, ื•ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื• ืฉืจืชื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื...


ื. ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•?


ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืชื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: "ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืœึนื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•"? ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื•: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•"? ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื—), ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ืžืงื•ื, ืฉื ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื—ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™". ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืœื” "ืžืงื•ื", ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจ "ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™", ื•ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžึธืจื™ ืฉื ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™:


"ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื• ืื• ืžื ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™, ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื›ื•ืœื•. [...] ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืกื“ืจ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช (ืขืž' ืœื’): 'ื•ืคืŸ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื“ื ืฉืงืจื™ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ 'ืกื“ืจ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช' ื•ืžืกื›ืชื ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื• 'ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช' ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืคืจื˜ ื ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื›ืœืœ' [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืจืื ื• ืœืžืืžืจ ื–ื”: "ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•?" ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืจืื ื• ืœืคืจืง ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช]. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ' (ืฉืขืจ ื™ื’), ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืžื™ืœืช 'ื›ื•ื›ื‘' ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื›ืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช 'ื›ื•ื›ื‘' [=ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื—ืžื”, ืžืจืงื•ืจื™]".


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื", ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:


"ื•ื’ื ื‘ื• [=ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื"] ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืคื”, ื•ืขืฉืืชื• ืฉื ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืขืœืชื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื: 'ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™'. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืžืจื: 'ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•' [ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื ืข"ื‘], 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืื• ื‘ื™ืจืื”' [ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื’ ืข"ื‘], ื•ืื•ืžืจื: 'ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช' [ืžืงื•ื•ืช ื“, ื], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื”".


ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื" ื”ืชืคืชื— ื•ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืชื™ืื•ืจ "ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืขืœืชื•". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ึผืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื›ืœ ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช. ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœืชืืจ ื’ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืื—ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืจื’ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื" ื”ื•ืฉืืœ ืœืชืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื, ื•ืื ื›ืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืชืืจ ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืงื‘"ื”?


ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’, ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื" ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืš ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืกื•ืœืœ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื" ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื›ืœ ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ื•ื’ืฉืžื™ืช.


ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืœื–ื›ืš ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื ื“ื‘ืš ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื ื“ื‘ืš: ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืื—ืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื—ืงืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”. ืขืชื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ืจื™ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื" ืžืชืืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:


"ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• [=ืœืคื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื" ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื“ืจื’ื” ื•ืžืขืœื”] ื ืืžืจ: 'ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืžึฐึผืงื•ึนืžื•ึน' [ื™ื—' ื’, ื™ื‘], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืคื™ ืžืขืœืชื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ 'ืžืงื•ื' ื›ืœืคื™ ื”', ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื• ืืœื ืžืขืœืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื™ืชืขืœื”, ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ".


ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื— ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื ื•: "ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืžึฐึผืงื•ึนืžื•ึน", ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื: "ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• ื›ืคื™ ืžืขืœืชื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืžื•ื™", ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื—ืงืจ ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืืคื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืžืื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืœืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคื™ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื—ืงืจ ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžึธืจื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืœื ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื• ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืคืฉ" โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืื™ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœืชื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ืื ื• ืฉื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืกื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืื ื• ืฉื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.


ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ: "ืœืขื™ืœื ืœืขื™ืœื ืžื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื ื•ืชื•ืฉื‘ื—ืชื ื•ื ื—ืžืชื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืœืขื™ืœื ืœืขื™ืœื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืœืœื™ื ื•ืžืคืืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื; ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื—ืžื™ื” (ื˜, ื”): "ื•ึผืžึฐืจื•ึนืžึทื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื”"; ื•ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื (ืกื”, ื‘): "ืœึฐืšึธ ื“ึปืžึดื™ึธึผื” ืชึฐื”ึดืœึธึผื”", ื•ื‘ืืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื ื˜) ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:


"ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืืžืจื• ื‘ืชืœื™ื: 'ืœึฐืšึธ ื“ึปืžึดื™ึธึผื” ืชึฐื”ึดืœึธึผื”', ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื”, ื•ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ึนืืžืจ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ื‘ื• ืœืจื•ืžื ื•ืœื”ืœืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื’ืจืขืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื”ืกืชืคืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ["ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื™ื" (ืžึธืจื™)], ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆื™ื•ื• ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื•: 'ืึดืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึดืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ื•ืช] ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื‘ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื“ึนืžึผื•ึผ ืกึถืœึธื”' [ืชื”' ื“, ื”]".


ื•ืื’ื‘ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืขืช ื”ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืชื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื "ืœืœื ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื" ืื• ืฉื”ื "ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื", ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื•, ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื”ื, ืื™ื ื ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ื ืžื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ืจืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืืฃ ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื• ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื•ืจืื ื•.


ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•", ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœื• ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: "ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืœึนื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•?". ืžืฉืžืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื•ื ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื• ื•ืกื•ืคื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ื-ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืืœื”ื™ืช, ืื ื• ืžืชืคืขืœื™ื ื•ืžืชืคืขืžื™ื ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: "ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•?", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื”ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื•ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื— ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืžืขืœืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช? ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžืื—ืจืช: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื™ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•" โ€“ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืœืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืฉืคืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื: ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉืžื• ื›ืคื™ ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื—ืงืจ ื•ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื” ืขื“ ื—ืงืจ.


"ื”ึทื—ึตืงึถืจ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึท ืชึดึผืžึฐืฆึธื ืึดื ืขึทื“ ืชึทึผื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ืฉึทืื“ึทึผื™ ืชึดึผืžึฐืฆึธื?" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื, ื–).


ื‘. ืจื‘ื ื• ืคื•ืชื— ืœื ื• ืฉืขืจื™ื ืœื—ื›ืžื”


ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื (ื, ื—), ื”ื•ื ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื”. ืจื‘ื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืข, ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœืžื“, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืกืคืจ "ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” "ืืจื’ื– ื›ืœื™ื" ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื ืคืœื ื•ืžื•ืคืœื, ืืฉืจ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืื“ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•.


ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื (ื, ื—):


"ื•ื“ืข, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืึตื [=ื›ืœ ืžืœื” ื•ืžื•ืฉื’] ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ืืจ ืœืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื• ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ืืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื], ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืคืจืง ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื•ืžืขื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื, ืฉื™ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื›ืคื™ ืžื˜ืจืชื ื• ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ["ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื•ืœื ืกืคืจ ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ, ืืœื ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ืฉืขืจื™ื ืœืชื‘ื•ื ื”" (ืžึธืจื™)]".


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื˜ืจืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืœื ื• ืฉืขืจื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืœืชื‘ื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ืžืœื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ืœืžืงื•ืžื, ืืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ ืžืชื”ื• ื”ืชื”ื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืขื™ื”! ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืกืคืจื• ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™, ืืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื ืืžืจื•.


ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœืžื“, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:


"ื•ืืชื” ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื ืžื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึทืึตืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื›ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ [=ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•], ื•ื”ื ื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืคืชื— ืœืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื•ื–ื•ืœืชื•. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ืžืงื•ื' ื‘ืืžืจื•ึน: 'ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื“ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืžึฐึผืงื•ึนืžื•ึน', ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ืžืงื•ื' ื‘ืืžืจื•ึน: 'ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึดืชึดึผื™' โ€“ [ืฉื”ื•ื] ื“ืจื’ืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืฉื›ืœ, ืœื ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื™ืŸ, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ["ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื ืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžืฉื” ืขื ืขืฆืžื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื• ื”ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช" (ืžึธืจื™)]".


ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ืจื‘ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืžืงื•ื", ืืฉืจ ืžืชืืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขืœื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื’ืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึดืชึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึทึผื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจ" (ืฉืž' ืœื’, ื›ื). ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ื‘ืคื ืชื™ืื•ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™, ืืœื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ึนืช ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืืžื™ืชืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืืฉืจ ืืœื™ื” ืœื ื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ืœื ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืขื•ื“ ืื“ื ืœืขื•ืœื.


ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื™: "ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื”?", ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื•, ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” "ื”ึทืจึฐืึตื ึดื™ ื ึธื ืึถืช ื›ึฐึผื‘ึนื“ึถืšึธ" (ืฉืž' ืœื’, ื™ื—), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ึทื›ึผึตื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืืžื™ืชืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื”: "ืœึนื ืชื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึดืจึฐืึนืช ืึถืช ืคึธึผื ึธื™ ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึนื ื™ึดืจึฐืึทื ึดื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึธื—ึธื™" (ืฉืž' ืœื’, ื›), ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืืžื™ืชืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืจื• ืœื•: "ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึดืชึดึผื™".


ื•ื ืฆืจืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื˜ื•) ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึทึผื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจ": "ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” 'ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึทึผื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจ'", ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ืžึธืจื™: "ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืื™ืชืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืชื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžืœื” "ืฆื•ืจ" ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืชื™ืขื ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื• ืž"ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•" ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื˜ื–), ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:


"'ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึทึผื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจ' โ€“ ื”ึดืกึผึธืžึตืšึฐ ื•ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื™ืข ืžืžื ื• ืืœื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืืจื ื• ืœืš ื‘ืืžืจื• ืœื•ึน [=ืœืžืฉื”]: 'ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึดืชึดึผื™'". ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจืžืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืš, ืฉื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ, ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื™-ืฉืืžืจ-ื•ื”ื™ื”-ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื™ื ืชืง ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืจืื” ืžืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.


"ื’ึทึผืœ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ื•ึฐืึทื‘ึดึผื™ื˜ึธื” ื ึดืคึฐืœึธืื•ึนืช ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึถืšึธ" (ืชื”' ืงื™ื˜, ื™ื—).

ืึทื™ึผึตื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•
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