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ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื

ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ืฉืคื•ืš ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœืชื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื ื—ืœ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืก"ื’ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื”, ืžืฉื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื›ืช ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื ื—ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช-ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื•ืขืจื•ืกื™, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื‚ื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื: ื”ื—ืจื‘ืช ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืœ, ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ื•ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžื ื”ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื’ืจืžื” ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื– ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื.


ื ื—ืœ ืืคื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืžืžืฉืœื™ (ื›ื˜, ื˜): "ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผื•ึนื›ึธื—ื•ึนืช ืžึทืงึฐืฉึถืื” ืขึนืจึถืฃ ืคึถึผืชึทืข ื™ึดืฉึธึผืื‘ึตืจ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืจึฐืคึตึผื" (ืžืฉ' ื›ื˜, ื), ื•ืฉื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืก"ื’: "ืึดื™ืฉื โ€“ ื”ืžืงืฉื” ืขื•ืจืคื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ืจ ืœืคืชืข ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืจืคื", ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื‚ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื: "ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช".


ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื ืจืก"ื’ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืืจื•ืš:


"ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ืœืžื—ื ื›ื• ืื• ืœืจื•ืคืื• ืื• ืœืจื‘ื• ืื• ืœืžืœื›ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉึผึดืื‘ืจื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื•ืžื›ืชื•, ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืจืคื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืœื ืฉืžืข ืœืžืœื›ื• ื™ื™ืœืงื— ืœื”ื™ืฉืคื˜ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื™ื™ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื”]. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” [ืงืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืจืคื•] ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื“ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืื• ืœื ื‘ื™ืื• ืื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœื• [ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื›ื•ืคืจืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื™ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ืจื›ื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื”ื˜ืžืื” ื”ื™ื-ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ืฉื”' ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื”], ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืจ [ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื] ื‘ืคื’ืข ืžืืช ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื“-ืœื‘ื•ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืจื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื™ื™ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื]".


ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืœื—ืžืช-ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื›ื” ืืช ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ื˜ืžืื” ืžื›ืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืื ื•ืฉื”, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืงืฉื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืจืคื ื•ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ืขื˜ื™ื: ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื:


ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืœื‘, ื“โ€“ืœ) ื ืืžืจ ื›ืš: "ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจ ืชึธึผืžึดื™ื ืคึธึผืขึณืœื•ึน ื›ึดึผื™ ื›ึธืœ ื“ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ืึตืœ ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขึธื•ึถืœ ืฆึทื“ึดึผื™ืง ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึธืืจ ื”ื•ึผื. ืฉึดืื—ึตืช ืœื•ึน ืœึนื ื‘ึธึผื ึธื™ื• ืžื•ึผืžึธื ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ืขึดืงึตึผืฉื ื•ึผืคึฐืชึทืœึฐืชึนึผืœ. ื”ึทืœึทื™ื™ึธ ืชึดึผื’ึฐืžึฐืœื•ึผ ื–ึนืืช ืขึทื ื ึธื‘ึธืœ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื—ึธื›ึธื ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ื”ื•ึผื ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ ืงึธึผื ึถืšึธ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึธืฉึฐื‚ืšึธ ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึนื ึฐื ึถืšึธ [...] ื™ึทืงึฐื ึดืึปื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผื–ึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืขึตื‘ึนืช ื™ึทื›ึฐืขึดื™ืกึปื”ื•ึผ. ื™ึดื–ึฐื‘ึฐึผื—ื•ึผ ืœึทืฉึตึผืื“ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืึฑืœึนื”ึท ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึฐื“ึธืขื•ึผื ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืžึดืงึธึผืจึนื‘ ื‘ึธึผืื•ึผ ืœึนื ืฉึฐื‚ืขึธืจื•ึผื ืึฒื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื. ืฆื•ึผืจ ื™ึฐืœึธื“ึฐืšึธ ืชึถึผืฉึดืื™ ื•ึทืชึดึผืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื— ืึตืœ ืžึฐื—ึนืœึฐืœึถืšึธ. ื•ึทื™ึทึผืจึฐื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึฐืึธืฅ ืžึดื›ึทึผืขึทืก ื‘ึธึผื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึนืชึธื™ื•. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึทืกึฐืชึดึผื™ืจึธื” ืคึธื ึทื™ ืžึตื”ึถื ืึถืจึฐืึถื” ืžึธื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื“ื•ึนืจ ืชึทึผื”ึฐืคึปึผื›ึนืช ื”ึตืžึธึผื” ื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืึตืžึปืŸ ื‘ึธึผื. ื”ึตื ืงึดื ึฐืื•ึผื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐืœึนื ืึตืœ ื›ึดึผืขึฒืกื•ึผื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผื”ึทื‘ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึทืงึฐื ึดื™ืึตื ื‘ึฐึผืœึนื ืขึธื ื‘ึฐึผื’ื•ึนื™ ื ึธื‘ึธืœ ืึทื›ึฐืขึดื™ืกึตื. ื›ึดึผื™ ืึตืฉื ืงึธื“ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐืึทืคึดึผื™ ื•ึทืชึดึผื™ืงึทื“ ืขึทื“ ืฉึฐืืื•ึนืœ ืชึทึผื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ืช ื•ึทืชึนึผืื›ึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื•ึดื™ื‘ึปืœึธื”ึผ ื•ึทืชึฐึผืœึทื”ึตื˜ ืžื•ึนืกึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึธืจึดื™ื. ืึทืกึฐืคึถึผื” ืขึธืœึตื™ืžื•ึน ืจึธืขื•ึนืช ื—ึดืฆึทึผื™ ืึฒื›ึทืœึถึผื” ื‘ึธึผื. ืžึฐื–ึตื™ ืจึธืขึธื‘ ื•ึผืœึฐื—ึปืžึตื™ ืจึถืฉึถืืฃ ื•ึฐืงึถื˜ึถื‘ ืžึฐืจึดื™ืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉึถืืŸ ื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžื•ึนืช ืึฒืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ื‘ึธึผื ืขึดื ื—ึฒืžึทืช ื–ึนื—ึฒืœึตื™ ืขึธืคึธืจ. ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืชึฐึผืฉึทืื›ึถึผืœ ื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื•ึผืžึตื—ึฒื“ึธืจึดื™ื ืึตื™ืžึธื” ื’ึทึผื ื‘ึธึผื—ื•ึผืจ ื’ึทึผื ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึผืœึธื” ื™ื•ึนื ึตืง ืขึดื ืึดื™ืฉื ืฉึตื‚ื™ื‘ึธื”. ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึทืคึฐืึตื™ื”ึถื ืึทืฉึฐืื‘ึดึผื™ืชึธื” ืžึตืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื ื–ึดื›ึฐืจึธื. [...] ืœื•ึผ ื—ึธื›ึฐืžื•ึผ ื™ึทืฉึฐื‚ื›ึดึผื™ืœื•ึผ ื–ึนืืช ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึธื. ืึตื™ื›ึธื” ื™ึดืจึฐื“ึนึผืฃ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืึถืœึถืฃ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึทื™ึดื ื™ึธื ึดื™ืกื•ึผ ืจึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธื” ืึดื ืœึนื ื›ึดึผื™ ืฆื•ึผืจึธื ืžึฐื›ึธืจึธื ื•ึทื™ื™ึธ ื”ึดืกึฐื’ึดึผื™ืจึธื".


ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื” (ื”, ื™ื’): "ื”ึดื›ึดึผื™ืชึธื” ืึนืชึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื—ึธืœื•ึผ ื›ึดึผืœึดึผื™ืชึธื ืžึตืึฒื ื•ึผ ืงึทื—ึทืช ืžื•ึผืกึธืจ ื—ึดื–ึฐึผืงื•ึผ ืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึดืกึถึผืœึทืข ืžึตืึฒื ื•ึผ ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘. ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึทืšึฐ ื“ึทึผืœึดึผื™ื ื”ึตื ื ื•ึนืึฒืœื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึทึผื˜ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื. ืึตืœึฒื›ึธื” ืœึดึผื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒื“ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึธื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึตืžึธึผื” ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึทึผื˜ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึทืšึฐ ื”ึตืžึธึผื” ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึธึผื• ืฉึธืื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึนืœ ื ึดืชึฐึผืงื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืกึตืจื•ึนืช. ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืŸ ื”ึดื›ึธึผื ืึทืจึฐื™ึตื” ืžึดื™ึทึผืขึทืจ ื–ึฐืึตื‘ ืขึฒืจึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื™ึฐืฉึธืื“ึฐื“ึตื ื ึธืžึตืจ ืฉึนืืงึตื“ ืขึทืœ ืขึธืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ืžึตื”ึตื ึธึผื” ื™ึดื˜ึธึผืจึตืฃ ื›ึดึผื™ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึผ ืคึดึผืฉึฐืืขึตื™ื”ึถื ืขึธืฆึฐืžื•ึผ ืžึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื [...] ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื’ื•ึนื“ ื‘ึธึผื’ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึดึผื™ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื›ึดึผื—ึฒืฉืื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื™ื™ึธ ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึนื ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืจึธืขึธื” ื•ึฐื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืจึธืขึธื‘ ืœื•ึนื ื ึดืจึฐืึถื” [ื›ืžื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™-ืœื™ื˜ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช]. ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึฐื”ึทื“ึดึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถื ื›ึนึผื” ื™ึตืขึธืฉึถื‚ื” ืœึธื”ึถื".


ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™: "ื—ึธื›ึฐืžื•ึนืช ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ึผืฅ ืชึธึผืจึนื ึธึผื” ื‘ึธึผืจึฐื—ึนื‘ื•ึนืช ืชึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ืงื•ึนืœึธื”ึผ. ื‘ึฐึผืจึนืืฉื ื”ึนืžึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืชึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ื‘ึฐึผืคึดืชึฐื—ึตื™ ืฉึฐืืขึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ืจ ืึฒืžึธืจึถื™ื”ึธ ืชึนืืžึตืจ. ืขึทื“ ืžึธืชึทื™ ืคึฐึผืชึธื™ึดื ืชึฐึผืึตื”ึฒื‘ื•ึผ ืคึถืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึตืฆึดื™ื ืœึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ื—ึธืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึผื›ึฐืกึดื™ืœึดื™ื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ื ึฐืื•ึผ ื“ึธืขึทืช [ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืฉื’ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื›ืœื•ืช?]. ืชึธึผืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืชื•ึนื›ึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึทื‘ึดึผื™ืขึธื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ืื•ึนื“ึดื™ืขึธื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื. ื™ึทืขึทืŸ ืงึธืจึธืืชึดื™ ื•ึทืชึฐึผืžึธืึตื ื•ึผ ื ึธื˜ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื™ึธื“ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืงึฐืฉึดืื™ื‘. ื•ึทืชึดึผืคึฐืจึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึธืœ ืขึฒืฆึธืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนื›ึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึนื ืึฒื‘ึดื™ืชึถื. ื’ึทึผื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืึตื™ื“ึฐื›ึถื ืึถืฉึฐื‚ื—ึธืง ืึถืœึฐืขึทื’ ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนื ืคึทื—ึฐื“ึฐึผื›ึถื. ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนื ื›ึฐืฉืื•ึนืึธื” ืคึทึผื—ึฐื“ึฐึผื›ึถื ื•ึฐืึตื™ื“ึฐื›ึถื ื›ึฐึผืกื•ึผืคึธื” ื™ึถืึฑืชึถื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืฆึธืจึธื” ื•ึฐืฆื•ึผืงึธื”. ืึธื– ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธืึปื ึฐื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึถืขึฑื ึถื” ื™ึฐืฉึทืื—ึฒืจึปื ึฐื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธืึปื ึฐื ึดื™. ืชึทึผื—ึทืช ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึธื‚ื ึฐืื•ึผ ื“ึธืขึทืช ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึทืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืœึนื ื‘ึธื—ึธืจื•ึผ. ืœึนื ืึธื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทืขึฒืฆึธืชึดื™ ื ึธืึฒืฆื•ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ ืชึผื•ึนื›ึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™. ื•ึฐื™ึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึดืคึฐึผืจึดื™ ื“ึทืจึฐื›ึธึผื ื•ึผืžึดืžึนึผืขึฒืฆึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ื‘ึธึผืขื•ึผ. ื›ึดึผื™ ืžึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึทืช ืคึฐึผืชึธื™ึดื ืชึทึผื”ึทืจึฐื’ึตื ื•ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐื•ึทืช ื›ึฐึผืกึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืชึฐึผืึทื‘ึฐึผื“ึตื. ื•ึฐืฉึนืืžึตืขึท ืœึดื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐืื›ึธึผืŸ ื‘ึถึผื˜ึทื— ื•ึฐืฉึทืืึฒื ึทืŸ ืžึดืคึทึผื—ึทื“ ืจึธืขึธื”".


ื•ืœื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื ืขื“ืจื™ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื—ืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ืื•ืคื™, ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื‘ืœื•, ืื•ืžึทืจ: ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืคืชื™ื™ื ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืคืชื™? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืฉื‚ื ืื• ื“ืขืช? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืขื‘ื“ื• ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขื™ืœื’ื™ื ื•ื ืœืขื’ื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืกื‘ืœื• ืืช ืขื•ึผืœึผึธื ื”ื ื’ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชื‘ืœืขื• ืœืขื’ ื•ื—ืจืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืฆื“ื™ืงื• ืืช ืจืฉ"ื™-ืฉืจ"ื™ ื•ื™ืชืจ ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืื™ืžืชื” ื•ืคื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื›ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื”ืืžืช? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืื˜ืžื• ืืช ืื•ื–ื ื›ื ืœืงื•ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงืœืงื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชื‘ืจื—ื• ืžืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ื•ืชื‘ืจื—ื• ืœืคืœืคื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉืจื™ืงื•ืช ืขื“ืจื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชื—ืœืœื•-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื? ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื?


ืื•ื™ ืœื›ื ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืœื™ ืื™ืฉื™ื, ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™ ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื ื—ืชื ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื, ืžื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื–ืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™ื™ื. ื ื˜ืฉืชื ืืœื•ื” ืืžืช ื•ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื›ื: ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื‘ืฉื‚ืจืจื”, ื‘ืžืฉื‚ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื”, ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื”! ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืฆืื” ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื, ื•ื”ืฆื“ืงืชื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืขึปื•ื•ืชื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื›ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช.


ื›ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง ื›ืš ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ืขื˜ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืœ ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”', ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืœ ื”ืฆืืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจ ื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืจืงืข: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฉึธืืื•ึผืœ ืึถืœ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ, ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึธืืžึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึธืึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึทึผื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึฐืืœึธื—ึทื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึธืึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืึฒื’ึทื’ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื”ึถื—ึฑืจึทืžึฐืชึดึผื™. ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึทึผื— ื”ึธืขึธื ืžึตื”ึทืฉึธึผืืœึธืœ ืฆึนืืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึธืงึธืจ ืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ื”ึทื—ึตืจึถื ืœึดื–ึฐื‘ึนึผื—ึท ืœึทื™ื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึทึผื’ึดึผืœึฐื’ึธึผืœ". ื›ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื›ื ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื–ื‘ื•ื— ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื”', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืœืžึผึตื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ื ืกื™ื โ€“ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื...


ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœ ืืฉื™ื‘ ื’ื ืœื›ื, ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื ืžื—ืœืœื™-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ ืžื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืชืขื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืจื“ืขื•ืช ืคืจึตืืง ืฉืœ ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื™ ืคืจืขื•ืฉื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ, ื”ึทื—ึตืคึถืฅ ืœึทื™ื™ึธ ื‘ึฐึผืขึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึผื–ึฐื‘ึธื—ึดื™ื ื›ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึนืขึท ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ? ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืฉึฐืืžึนืขึท ืžึดื–ึถึผื‘ึทื— ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื”ึทืงึฐืฉึดืื™ื‘ ืžึตื—ึตืœึถื‘ ืึตื™ืœึดื™ื". ื”ืื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืžืคืขืœื™ื›ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื—ื ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืช ืžืฉื”? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื›ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื ื‘ืืจืฅ? ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื›ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื‚ืจืจื” ื•ืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื”? ื•ื›ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื›ื ื ืขืœืžื™ื ืžืขื™ื ื™ื•?


"ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื ึธื ืชื•ึนื›ึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืจึดื‘ื•ึนืช ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึทื™ ื”ึทืงึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ [...] ืึดื ื›ึผึฐื”ึธืชึตืœ ื‘ึผึถืึฑื ื•ึนืฉื ืชึผึฐื”ึธืชึตืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน?" (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื’, ื•).


ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื›ื ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืฉ"ื ื™ื‘, ื’): "ืึถืช ืฉืื•ึนืจ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดื™ ืขึธืฉึทืืงึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช ืžึดื™ ืจึทืฆึผื•ึนืชึดื™ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึทึผื“ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื›ึนืคึถืจ ื•ึฐืึทืขึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึธืฉึดืื™ื‘ ืœึธื›ึถื", ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื ื ืœืงื—ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืกื•ืคื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืชื™ืขืงืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืกืจื• ื”ืžื•ื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืข"ื”.


ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื‚ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืืช ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืจื ืžื”ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืจืืชื• ืžื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”' ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ื™ืชืขืœื”!


ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื• (ืฉ"ื ื˜ื•, ื›ื“โ€“ื›ื˜): "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฉึธืืื•ึผืœ ืึถืœ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ: ื—ึธื˜ึธืืชึดื™, ื›ึดึผื™ ืขึธื‘ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช ืคึดึผื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธืจึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึธืึถืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœึธื. ื•ึฐืขึทืชึธึผื” ืฉึธื‚ื ื ึธื ืึถืช ื—ึทื˜ึธึผืืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืขึดืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐืึถืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ึถื” ืœึทื™ื™ึธ. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืึถืœ ืฉึธืืื•ึผืœ: ืœึนื ืึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ ื›ึดึผื™ ืžึธืึทืกึฐืชึธึผื” ืึถืช ื“ึฐึผื‘ึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐืึธืกึฐืšึธ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึทื™ึดึผืกึนึผื‘ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฒื–ึตืง ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐื ึทืฃ ืžึฐืขึดื™ืœื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึธึผืจึทืข. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ: ืงึธืจึทืข ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึถืช ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื•ึผื ึฐืชึธื ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐืจึตืขึฒืšึธ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ืžึดืžึถึผืšึธึผ. ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื ึตืฆึทื— ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื™ึฐืฉึทืืงึตึผืจ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึธึผื—ึตื ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึนื ืึธื“ึธื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึฐื”ึดื ึธึผื—ึตื [ื•ื™ืฉ 'ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ืื—ึตืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืจ ื•ืžืฉืงืจ]".


ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื‚ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืคื—ื“ื• ื•ื—ืจื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื?


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืงืœื˜ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืคื” ื•ืฉื, ืืš ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื‚ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืจื“ื™ืคืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื” ื’ื‘ืจื”, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืœืื‘ึผึตื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื‚ืจืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื; ืืš ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืจืงืข ื“ืจื“ืขื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื” ื™ืชื”ืœื›ื•, ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื” ืœื”ื ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื˜ืžื˜ืžื• ื•ืกื™ืื‘ื• ื•ื–ื™ื”ืžื• ืืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืœื ื”ืื™ืจื• ืืช ืฉื›ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืคืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื™ืžืชื” ื•ืคื—ื“, ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืขืœื” ื ื™ื“ืฃ ื•ื›ืงื ื” ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืขืช ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืžื” ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.


ืื•ืœื, ื“ืขื• ืœื›ื: ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืœื›ื• ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆืืฆืื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืื™ืžืชื” ื•ืคื—ื“ ืื• ืžืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืœืœ, ืืš ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช-ื”ื”ื ืื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื‚ืจืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื—ืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืจืงื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื™ืฉื•ืชื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื ืคืฉื ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืขื›ื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืขืชื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืคื—ื“ ืืœื ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืงืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช.


ื•ืื—ืชื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืข"ื” ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ: ื”ึทื’ึดึผื™ืฉืื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ืึถืช ืึฒื’ึทื’ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง, ื•ึทื™ึตึผืœึถืšึฐ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืึฒื’ึทื’ ืžึทืขึฒื“ึทื ึนึผืช ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึฒื’ึธื’: ืึธื›ึตืŸ ืกึธืจ ืžึทืจ ื”ึทืžึธึผื•ึถืช. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ: ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึดืื›ึฐึผืœึธื” ื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ื—ึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผืšึธ ื›ึตึผืŸ ืชึดึผืฉึฐืื›ึทึผืœ ืžึดื ึธึผืฉึดืื™ื ืึดืžึถึผืšึธ ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉึทืืกึตึผืฃ ืฉึฐืืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืึถืช ืึฒื’ึธื’ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึทึผื’ึดึผืœึฐื’ึธึผืœ".


ืœืคืงื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœ ืขืžื“ ืฆื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขื! ืืš ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื• ืœื ืฆื‘ื ื•ืœื ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืจืืฉ, ืœื ืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืกืก ืœืจื’ืข ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืขืžื“, ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืžืจื™ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื‚ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืคืกื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืื™ื ืžื”ืขื ื•ืขื˜ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืœืœ...


ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ืฉื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื”ืง ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืจืฉืขื ื•ืžืขืœืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื, ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืœื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืืคืกื•ืชื ื•ืกื›ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืฆื ื™ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื-ืฉื-ืจืข ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืœืคื™ื ืืช ื—ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื›ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืขืชื•, ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื ื›ืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื‘ื•ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืขื™ืŸ ื›ืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ื ืขืงืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื—ืœืœ-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืชื“ ื”ืชืงื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ.


ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื ืžืชืขื‘ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื›ื™ ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื•ืคืš ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”, ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื, ืืฉืจ ื˜ื™ื ืคื• ืืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื” ืฉื”ื "ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช", ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ื—ืœืงืœืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ึดืชืขื” ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ืžืžื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื•ืฉื‚ืจืจืชื ื•ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ โ€“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื™ืชื“ ื”ืชืงื•ืขื” ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช! ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ื•ื ืงื™ื ืืช ื–ืขืงืชื” ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื” โ€“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื!


"ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึดึผื™ืชึดื™ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึฐื—ึนืจึตื‘ ืขึทืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื—ึปืงึดึผื™ื ื•ึผืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ึดื™ื. ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืฉึนืืœึตื—ึท ืœึธื›ึถื ืึตืช ืึตืœึดื™ึธึผื” ื”ึทื ึธึผื‘ึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื”ึทื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื. ื•ึฐื”ึตืฉึดืื™ื‘ ืœึตื‘ ืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึตื‘ ื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื ืคึถึผืŸ ืึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึตึผื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื—ึตืจึถื" (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’, ื›ื‘โ€“ื›ื“). ื”ื ื” ืœืžื“ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืงื ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืชืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืžื›ืช ื—ืจื... ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžึทืจ ืœื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคื™ื, ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื”ื—ืœืงืœืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื: ื—ื“ืœื• ืœื›ื ืžืœื˜ืžื˜ื ืืช ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื•"ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื" ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืžืฆืชื ืœื—ื™ืงื›ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื–ืืช ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื.


ื•ืžื ื˜ืจืช ื”"ืฉืœื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•" ืฉืœื”ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืฉืื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืœื—ื ื•ืง ื›ืœ ื–ืขืงื” ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ื™ื: ืœื—ื ื•ืง ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ืืฉืจ ืžืกื›ื ืช ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื, ืฉื‚ืจืจืชื, ื™ื•ืงืจืชื, ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ื•ื—ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ื•ืขืชื”, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ืช (ืชืžื•ื–-ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’), ืงื•ืœื ื ื“ื ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ืžื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืœ"ืฉืœื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•"...


ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืชื ื•ืจื“ื™ืคืช ื‘ืฆืขื, ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืขืงื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื" ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืืœื ืœืฉืจืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื“ื™ืคืช ื‘ืฆืข, ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืฉื‚ืจืจื”, ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.


"ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื”ึทืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื“ ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชึตื™ืžึธืŸ ืึธื‘ึฐื“ึธื” ืขึตืฆึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื ึดืกึฐืจึฐื—ึธื” ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธืชึธื" (ื™ืจ' ืžื˜, ื–).


"ื•ึฐืึทืชึถึผื ืกึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึดื›ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐืชึถึผื ืจึทื‘ึดึผื™ื ื‘ึทึผืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉึดืื—ึทืชึถึผื ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืช ื”ึทืœึตึผื•ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื ึดื‘ึฐื–ึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉึฐืืคึธืœึดื™ื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื›ึฐึผืคึดื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตื™ื ึฐื›ึถื ืฉึนืืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืึถืช ื“ึฐึผืจึธื›ึทื™ ื•ึฐื ึนืฉึฐื‚ืึดื™ื ืคึธึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”" (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘, ื—โ€“ื˜).

ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื
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