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ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื?

ื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืš:


ื ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื™ืฆื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจืกืœื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืกืคืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืžืจื ืฉื™ืง, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ืกืคืจื•ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื ืชืชื™ ืœื• ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฆื“ืงื”. ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”?


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:


ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืžืื•ืžื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืกืจ ืขืœื™ ืœืชืช ืœื•, ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื (ื™, ื˜ื–โ€“ื™ื˜), ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื:


[ื˜ื–] "ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื“ื—ื•ืง ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• [=ื™ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง] ื•ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืฆืขืจ [=ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš!] ื•ืืœ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืœื™ืš ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื•: 'ืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชืš ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืืœ ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช' [ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื’ ืข"ื]. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ึฐื”ึถืขึฑื ึดื™ ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื•ืœืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื•ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืœืขื: 'ื—ื›ื ืื ื™' ื•'ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื™' ื•'ื›ื”ืŸ ืื ื™' โ€“ 'ืคืจื ืกื•ื ื™', ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื™ื•ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื".


[ื™ื–] "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœึทื’ึทึผื ึผื•ึนืช, ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืฉืืœื•ึผ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื ื›ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื".


[ื™ื—] "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ [ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืฆืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื ื• ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•] ื•ืžืจืžื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœ โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืช ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืงื ื” [ืืœื] ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ 'ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื”ึทื’ึถึผื‘ึถืจ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื— ื‘ึธึผืึธื“ึธื' [ื™ืจ' ื™ื–, ื”]. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื-ืื-ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ืื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™-ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื’ื™ืก ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืฆืขืจื• ืืœื ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืื•ืช".


[ื™ื˜] "ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืฆื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื“ื—ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืขื”, ื•ื—ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ ืฆืขืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืช ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคืจื ืก ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ-ื›ื™ื•ืฆื-ื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ: 'ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื— ื‘ึผึทื™ื™ึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื—ื•ึน' [ื™ืจ' ื™ื–, ื–]".


ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืœื™ืฆื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจืกืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืฆืœื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ืื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื™ืฉืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ, ื•ืžื” ืื ื”ืœื™ืฆืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืกืœื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช? ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฆื“ืงื”? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฆื“ืงื”, ืจืื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื (ื™, ื™ื‘):


"ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืื“ื ืœืชื•ืš ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ืืœื-ืื-ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ื ืืžืŸ ื•ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืฉื•ืจื” ื›ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืชืจื“ื™ื•ืŸ [=ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ื ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื™ืฉืจ]".


ื•ืžื–ืืช ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืงืคืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืฆืข ื•ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื™ืฆื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ื-ืคื ื™ื-ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืœืชืช ืื• ืœืฉืœืฉืœ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืื•ืžื”.


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืœื™ืฆืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืกืœื‘ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฆื“ืงื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคื™ืฅ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืชืขื” ืืช ืขืžึผึตื ื• ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื”ื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” "ื“ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจื•" ื”ื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ "ืื—ื™ืš", ืืš ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืคื™ืฅ ื•ืžืกื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื”.


ื‘ืจื, ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืžืจืื”ื• ืื• ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืฉืงืœ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœืชื• โ€“ ืžืฆื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืช ืœื•, ื•ื›ืคืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื (ื–, ื•): "ื•ืขื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ื–ืงืงื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืžืชื ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืชื ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช". ืื•ืœื, ืื ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื™ ืฆื“ืงื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื›ืœ ื•ื ื‘ืœ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืœื™ืœื™ื โ€“ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืžืื•ืžื”.


ื•ืื—ืชื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืคืกืง ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืชื ื”:


"ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžืชื ื” ืžืื“ื, ืืœื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•, ืœื ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐืฉื‚ื•ึนื ึตื ืžึทืชึผึธื ึนืช ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื”' [ืžืฉ' ื˜ื•, ื›ื–]".


"ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ: ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื— ื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื–ึฐืจึนืขื•ึน ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื™ึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืขึทืจึฐืขึธืจ ื‘ึผึธืขึฒืจึธื‘ึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทืŸ ื—ึฒืจึตืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึฐืœึตื—ึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึตืฉืึตื‘. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื— ื‘ึผึทื™ื™ึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื—ื•ึน, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืขึตืฅ ืฉืึธืชื•ึผืœ ืขึทืœ ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ื•ึผื‘ึทืœ ื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืฉืึธืจึธืฉืึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธื‘ึนื ื—ึนื ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขึธืœึตื”ื•ึผ ืจึทืขึฒื ึธืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉืึฐื ึทืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึนืจึถืช ืœึนื ื™ึดื“ึฐืึธื’ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืฉื ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืคึผึถืจึดื™" (ื™ืจ' ื™ื–, ื”โ€“ื—).

ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื
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