top of page

ืจืืฉ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”

ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืจืชื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” "ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœื™ื: "ื—ึตื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื" (ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ'). ืืช ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ื’ื ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ "ืฉื™ื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืขืจื”:


"ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจ' ืืžืจื™ ืฉืคืจ ื–"ืœ [=ืžื•ืกื ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื—ื•ืฆื‘ ื’ืจืžื ื™]: ื”ืจื•ืื” ื™ืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื›ึปื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื [ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ื™ื 'ืžื›ึปื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื'? ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ืฉึผืื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ื–ืืช?] ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ึตื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™ [ืข"ื›]. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจืž"ืข ื•ื‘ืขืœ 'ืขืจื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื' ื•ื”ืจ' ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ืžื”ืจ"ืฉ ืฉืจืขื‘ื™ ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™. ื•ืืœื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื“ืขืชื ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ึตื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™" ื•ื›ื•'.


ืœืื—ืจ-ืžื›ืŸ ืงืืคื— ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื! ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžืขื– ืœื—ืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช: "ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื—ืช, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ึตื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื™". ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื ืคืฉื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื˜ืžื ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืขื‘! ื›ื™ ืื ืงืืคื— ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช! ื•ืื•ื™ ืœื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ืื•ื™ ืœื” ืœืื•ืชื” ื›ืœื™ืžื”!


ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” (ื‘, ื™): "ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžืช, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ื”ึผ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื".


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื, ืืœื ืืฃ ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ืš ืคื•ืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื (ื‘, ื–):


"ืžืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึดืฉึฐืื’ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึตืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผืฆึฐื•โ€ึนืช' ื•ื›ื•' [ื‘ืž' ื˜ื•, ื›ื‘], ื•ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืื“ื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึธื”ึธืœึฐืึธื” ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื' [ื‘ืž' ื˜ื•, ื›ื’]. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ".


ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืงืืคื— ื’ื ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืชื ื•, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™:


"ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืœื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ, ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืช ื”' ื–ื•ืœืชื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื’ึผึธืจืข ืžืžื ื” ืœื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ [=ืœื 'ืชืจื“' ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ื™ ืžืกืจ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉ'ื”ืชื’ืœืชื”'], ืืžืจ: 'ืœึนื ืชึนืกึตืฃ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื’ึฐืจึทืข ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ' [ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื]. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” [...] ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืงืคืง ืื“ื [ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื™ื] ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ [ืื—ื“] ืžืืœื• [ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ] ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื ืงืจื ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก ื•ืงื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื‚ื ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ืžึฐืฉึทื‚ื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึถืฉึฐื‚ื ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึฐืงื•ึนืžึฐืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืชึฐืงื•ึนื˜ึธื˜' [ืชื”' ืงืœื˜, ื›ื]".


ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื ื”':


"ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ [...] [ืฉื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉืงืจ] ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื• ื’ืจืข ืžื”ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื” [...] ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื™ื’ืจืข ื‘ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื™ื’ืจืข ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ [...] ืื• ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉืคืฉื˜ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• [...] ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ื•ืžืช ื‘ื—ื ืง ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงืจ [...] ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”' ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืžืืช ื”' ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื•: 'ืœึนื ื‘ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ื”ึดื•ื ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืžึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืœึธึผื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึตืขึตื‘ึถืจ ืœึทื™ึธึผื ื”ึดื•ื ื•ื›ื•' ื›ึดึผื™ ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ืžึฐืึนื“ ื‘ึฐึผืคึดื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ' [ื“ื‘' ืœ, ื™ื‘โ€“ื™ื“] [...] ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืจื•ึน: 'ืœึนื ืชึนืกึตืฃ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื’ึฐืจึทืข ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ' [ื“ื‘' ื™ื’, ื], ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจื• [ื—ื›ืžื™ื] ืข"ื”: ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืชื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืกืจื” ืขืœ ื”' [...] ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืชื”, ื›ืžืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: 'ืึทืšึฐ ื”ึทื ึธึผื‘ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึธื–ึดื™ื“ ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ื“ึธึผื‘ึธืจ ื‘ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ึผืžึตืช ื”ึทื ึธึผื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื' [ื“ื‘' ื™ื—, ื›]".


ื•ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื’, ื”ืœ' ื™ื“ ื•ืื™ืœืš) ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ืœึทืžึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื“ืจื™ื: ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื—ื˜ื™ืื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœืชื• ื›ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืคึฐึผืกืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:


"ื•ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื, ืืœื ื ื›ืจืชื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืจืฉืขื ื•ื—ื˜ืืชื ืœืขื•ืœื-ื•ืœืขื•ืœืžื™-ืขื•ืœืžื™ื: [...] ื•ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” [...] ื•ืžื—ื˜ื™ืื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื [...] ื•ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื [...]


ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: [...] ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื”-ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”, ื•ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื™ื“ื™ื” [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ 'ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”', ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืชื•ืจืช-ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ืช ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ืขืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”-ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื›ื•ืคืจ ื•ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”-ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”], ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื•ืก [...]


ืžื—ื˜ื™ืื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื: ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื•ืฆื“ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื•ืก; ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” [=ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื•ืฆื“ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืชื•ืก]. ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืื•ื ืก ืื—ืจื™ื [...] ืื• ืฉื”ื˜ืขื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื—ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืข [ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื] [...]


ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื: ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืงืœื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื [=ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืขื” ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ึตืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ื›ื™ืจื‘ืขื]; ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงืจื ืžื’ืœื” ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืขื– ืžืฆื—ื• ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืคื ื™ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”".


ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืขืœ ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ


ืขื•ื“ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ืœืคื™ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงืืคื— ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืžืฉื‚ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื“ื™ืŸ-ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื• ืžึธืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™, ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืœืงืืคื— ื‘ืจื™ืจื”: ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ืชืคื˜ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” โ€“ ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื ื•, ืืš ืœื ืœื”ื™ืžื•ืœ, ืืœื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืขื•ืจืœืชืš, ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ืš ืืช ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ื™ ืœืืœื•ื”!


ืื’ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื›ื—ืฉื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืงืืคื—, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื•ื›ืš ืื™ืจืข, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืžื” ื ืคืฉืš: ืื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืื“; ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉืงืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืชื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงืชื• ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขืชื” ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืืžืช! ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืืฃ-ืœื-ืื—ื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืืคื— ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช-ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ืจืขื” ื”ื–ื•.


ื•ืื’ื‘ ืจืื• ืœืชืžื•ื”: ืื™ืš ืงืืคื— ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืชื“ืจืœืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื–ื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ืคื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ "ืืจื•ืจ ืœื•ืงื— ืฉื•ื—ื“"? ื•ืืฃ ืœื—ืœืœ-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื-ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื-ื ื‘ืœื™ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื“ื—ื” ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš-ืžืœื›ื™-ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืขืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืื“ื•ื ื• (ืื“ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ื™), ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื—ืœืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ืžืœืš ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ื™ ืœืืœื•ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ-ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื‘ื, ืœื— ืข"ื): "ื›ืชื•ื‘: 'ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐื›ื•ึผืจึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึนืŸ ื™ึฐื™ึธ' [ืฉืž' ืœื“, ื›ื’] ืžืืŸ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึนืŸ ื™ึฐื™ึธ? ื“ื [=ื–ื”ื•] ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื—ืื™". ื•ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืืœื•ื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ-ื•ื“ื ืขืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื’ืกื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ-ื›ื™ื•ืฆื-ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื”ื™ืจืื” ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืื“ื ื•ืช.


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ ืงืืคื— ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื ื‘ืืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื”ึดืคื ื” ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช ืคื— ื™ืงื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืงื•ืฉื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืกื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืงืืคื— ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชืžืฆืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” (ืขืž' ืชืžื): "ืžื™ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืื”, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ืžื”, ืืœื ืืฃ ืžื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ืืžื™ืชืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื•".


ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื‘, ื˜ื–): "ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื–ืง ืืžื™ืชืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ืฉื”ึผ ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉื”ึผ, ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืชื™ื—ืœืฉ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืœืืžืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช". ื•ืงืืคื— ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื: "ื›ื™ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื‘ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืฉื•ืช, ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ื—ื•ื”ื•". ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื ืจืก"ื’ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช" (ืขืž' ืœ): "ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืื“ื ืฉื•ืžืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืชื—ื“ื•ืจ ืœืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ืชืžื—ืฆื”ื•, ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” [...] ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื’ืŸ [=ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ืŸ] ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืื‘ื“ื•ื”ื• ื•ื™ืžื™ืชื•ื”ื•".


ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืงืฉื” ื ื’ื“ ืงืืคื— ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืจ, ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื” ืืฃ ื”ืจืฉื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ!


"ื•ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืœึนื ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึผืœึฐืœึนื ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืžื•ึนืจึถื” ื•ึผืœึฐืœึนื ืชื•ึนืจึธื”" (ื“ื”"ื‘ ื˜ื•, ื’).


ื•ืื ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืืช ืžึธืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืจ, ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ืจืง ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžืืœื” ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื "ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื‘ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื•. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืงืฃ ืืช ืจืฉ"ื™-ืฉืจ"ื™ ื•ืฉืชืง ืžืขื•ื•ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™, ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืคืœื ื•ืžื•ืคืœื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•: ื”ื•ื ืขืžื“ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืช "ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื”ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืœื™ื. ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžืฉืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืื“ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืœื—ื ืœืžืขื ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืจ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ึดืคื ื” ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœื ืจืง ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืขืชื™ืงื• "ืจืื™ื•ืช" ืžื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืกื‘ื•, ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจืช-ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกื‘ื• ืฉื’ื™ื“ืœ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื— ื•ืจื™ื‘ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืงืืคื— ืฉื›ืš ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื” ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ื•ืช ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื›ืœื•.


ื•ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื” ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื• ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื›ืœื•, ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™ ืœื• ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉืกืœืœ ื“ืจืš ืขืงื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ืงื•ืฉื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•: ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื—ืจื’ ื‘ื”ื ืžืงื• ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžื•ื—ื• ืœืคื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื• ืืช ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืจื•ืžืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืคื™ื˜ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื”.


ื•ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช: ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžึตืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ื—ึตื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื" ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ืจื™ืกื” ื•ืจืžื™ืกื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื’ืกื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื™ืœ: ื’ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื’ื ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉื ืจืžืกื• ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื’ืกื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉื•ื—ื“ ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืจ, ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืืœื•ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืชื•ืจืชื ื”ืขืงื•ืฉื” ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื”ื ื™ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ืœืคืกื™ืงื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ-ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช-ื”ื”ื ืื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืœ ื—ื™ืงื, ื”ื ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื”, ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืชืขื• ื•ืœืขื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื! ื•ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื”ืžืขืžื“, ื”ืฉื‚ืจืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื.


ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืงืืคื— ื›ืืœื•ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื• ืชื•ืขื” ื•ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืงืืคื—, ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืื”ื‘ืช ืงืืคื— ืื• ื”ืืžืช, ืืœื ืžืื”ื‘ืช ืžืขืœืœื™ื”ื ื•ืชื›ื›ื™ื”ื ื•ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืฉื‚ืจืจืชื ื•ืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช-ื”ื”ื ืื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืืœื•ืช. ื•ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ื—ึตื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื", ืจืื•: "ืขืœ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, 'ื—ึตื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื' ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'".


ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืงืขืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช


ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืจื“ืขืช ื—ืžื•ึนืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ "ืคืจึตืืง", ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• "ืฉื™ื— ื•ื•ื™ืœื ื": "ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ื™ืจืื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื—ืง ืœืงืจืŸ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœ'ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”', ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• 'ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ', ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ื—ึตื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื'".


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืขืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ ืžื”ืขืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืจ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืจืชื• ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœื• ื’ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื•ืžืช ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืืžืชืช ืืช "ืงื“ื•ืฉืช" ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื˜ืžื ื•ื”ืžืชื•ืขื‘. ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืชื• ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืขืจื•ืกื™ ืžื‘ืงืขืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื! ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื”ึผ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืืช ืคืกื™ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”.


ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ืขืจื•ืกื™ ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ื›ื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ืžืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืชื ื•, ืžื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืจืžื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ื™ืงื™ื. "ื•ึฐืชึทืฉึฐืืœึตืšึฐ ืึฑืžึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื”" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื—, ื™ื‘).


ืื’ื‘, ื”ืขืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ืขืœ ืžืจื“ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื, ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงืืคื— ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช "ื›ืชืจ" ืื• "ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš", ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•"ืจ ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ืกืคื— ืœืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”, ืขืž' ืชืฉื™ื˜. ืฉื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืžื•"ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ 'ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš' ื•'ื›ืชืจ', ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: 'ืืžื ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืคื–ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืจื ื–ื”ื• ืžื ื”ื’ื ื•, ื•ื–ื• ืžืกื•ืจืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื—ื“ืจื• ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื ืœื ืœื ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื ื•ืกื—-ื ื•ืกื— ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื' (ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉืœื™, ืจ"ืข)".


ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื“ืžื” ืœืื•ืžืจ ื”ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจื "ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ืฉืœื", ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”' ื›ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื–ืจื— ืžืžืขืจื‘! ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืขื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื (ืจืื•: 'ื›ืชืจ ืื• ื ืงื“ื™ืฉืš?', 'ื–ืžืจื™ืจื™ ื—ืจื–ื ื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืช', ื•ืขื•ื“), ื•ืžึตื”ื ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช.


ืžื“ื•ืข ืืคื•ื ืงืืคื— ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื? ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ืขืจื•ืจืกื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช?


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื ื•ืจืื”, ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื•ืขืจื•ืจืกื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื— ื•ืœืฉืžึผึตืจ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื•ื™ื•ืงืจืชื ื•ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืฉืœืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช-ื”ื”ื ืื” ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืžืกื“ ื”ื›ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš, ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื ื•ืง ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื–ื™ืชื™ ื•ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ืขื ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื ื”ืขืงื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื โ€“ ืœื—ื™ื™. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉืช ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืงื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืื– ืืชื ืชื—ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช ืžืŸ ืชืคืกื— ื•ืขื“ ืขื–ื”, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื" ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ื", ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื”ื ื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื” ืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื—ื“.


ื•ืื ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉืœื— ืœื ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื• ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ื”ืขืจื‘? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื™ื™ืกืจื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื? ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื? ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”? ื•ื›ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฆืขืง ื•ืœื ื”ืชืงื•ื˜ื˜ ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืชืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืกืงื™ืœื”? ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื? ืžื”ื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนื˜ื•ึผืช ื”ื–ืืช?


ืื’ื‘, ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืชื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ: "ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื", ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉื, ืขืจื•ืจืกื™, ื‘ืขืœ ืžืจื“ืขืช ื”ืคืจึตืืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช:


"ืื›ืŸ, ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘-ืขื“ืชื™ืช, ื•ื”ืจื‘-ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื ื” ื•ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉื”' ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืืžื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”".


ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ืžื ื™ืขื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื‚ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืงืืคื— ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืขืช โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžื˜ืคื— ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืคืกื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืื™ื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื•ื โ€“ ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืžืช ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ื•ืžืฆืข ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ: "ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืชืงื•ืžื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช".


ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”: ืื ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื•ืœืœื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื›ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื™ ื”ื“ืช ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืชื•ืจืช-ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงืœื™ืฉืื” "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื" ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื• ืœื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื”. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืกื™ืœื•ืงื ืžืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื‚ืจืจื”, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืก ื•ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ืžื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืจืง ืื– ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืืžื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”. "ื™ึทื“ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึดื™ื ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึธืจึดืืฉึนืื ึธื” [...] ื•ึผื‘ึดืขึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ื”ึธืจึธืข ืžึดืงึดึผืจึฐื‘ึถึผืšึธ" (ื“ื‘' ื™ื–, ื–).


ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ


ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืืช ื' ื’ื™ืืช, ื”ื ื ื™ ืžืฆืจืฃ ืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืงืืคื— ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืืžื™ืชืช ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™, ื•ืฉื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•!


ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื' ื’ื™ืืช:


ื”ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื• ืœื›ื ืจืฉืขื™ื ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ!!! ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ืงืืคื— ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜. ืื•ื™ ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ืฉื•ืžืขื•ืช [ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ื•ื™ ืœืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืงืืคื— ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”]. ื”ืื ื—ืงืจืชื ื•ื‘ื“ืงืชื ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืื• ืฉื ืฉืืจืชื ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืกืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช 'ืืžื™ืชืชื•'], ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืชื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื•ืกืคื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช?! [ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืืช 'ืืžื™ืชืชื•' ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืคื’ืื ื™] ืื• ืฉืžื” ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ื™ืจืื™ื, ืงืฆืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื›ื???".


ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžืขื˜ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช: 1) ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื ืชื•ืกืคื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืคื’ืื ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ื™; 2) ื‘"ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœืงื” ื‘ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืกื™ืœ ื”ืœื–, ืืฉืจ ืกื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ืชื”ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ื ืขืชืง ืžื—ื™ืง ืื™ืžื• ืœื—ื™ืง ืืฉืชื•, ื•ื™ืœืš ืžื ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ ืืฉืชื•.


ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ืจืกื™ ืžื‘ืงืขืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ืื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืืฉืจ ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื›ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื–ื•ืœืœื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื•ื“ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืฆืข ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฉื‚ืจืจื”, ื•ื”ืžืชืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ โ€“ ืœืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื”, ืืœื” ื”ืชืขื•ื•ืจื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื—ื“, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ:


"ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ืžืชืคืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• [=ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื‘ื• ืขืœื™, ืจืืฉ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช] ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•? [ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื’ืกื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—] ืื•ืชื• ืฉื—ื•ื ืš ืžืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•, ื•ืกื™ื™ืขื•ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื–ืงื ื” ื•ื”ืžืขืœื” [ืžืขืœืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“, ืฉืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• 'ื’ืื•ืŸ'] ื•ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก [...] ื•ื–ืงื™ืงื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื [ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืชื•ืจืช-ืืœื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื-ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื] ืœื”ื—ื“ื™ืจ ืœืœื™ื‘ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ื ืชืขื‘, ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืฉืžืข ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืœืžืชืŸ ืชืืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœื”ื ื˜ื‘ืข. ื•ื”ื™ืืš ืืชื” ืžื“ืžื” ืœืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื ื™, ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ื•ื™ืขืงื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื•? ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื‚ึตื”ื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ื•ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ืžืžื ื•".


"ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื—ึธืžึฐืกื•ึผ ืชื•ึนืจึธืชึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐื—ึทืœึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืงึธื“ึธืฉืึทื™", "ื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื—ึดืœึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึธืžึฐืกื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”" (ื™ื—' ื›ื‘; ืฆืค' ื’).


ืขืœ-ื›ืœ-ืคื ื™ื, ื ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉื™ื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฉืึตื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืจื•ื— ืืžืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืจืื• ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืืžืช ื•ื™ื—ื“ืœื• ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื, ืื ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืื ืœืชืื•ื•ืช ื•ืื ืœืงืืคื— ื•ืœืขืจื•ืจืกื™ ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื™ื, ืžื—ื˜ื™ืื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื.


ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื (ืคืจืง ืœื–):


"ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืขึธืœึทื™ ื™ึทื“ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึดืึตื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึดื™ื—ึตื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทื‘ึดึผืงึฐืขึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึตืึธื” ืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื”ึถืขึฑื‘ึดื™ืจึทื ึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืกึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ืกึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืช ืžึฐืึนื“ ืขึทืœ ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึดึผืงึฐืขึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉืื•ึนืช ืžึฐืึนื“. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึทื™ ื‘ึถึผืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื”ึฒืชึดื—ึฐื™ึถื™ื ึธื” ื”ึธืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื•ึธืึนืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ึฐื™ึด ืึทืชึธึผื” ื™ึธื“ึธืขึฐืชึธึผ. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึทื™ ื”ึดื ึธึผื‘ึตื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึธืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทื™ึฐื‘ึตืฉืื•ึนืช ืฉึดืืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึฐึผื‘ึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื›ึนึผื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ึฐื™ึด ืœึธืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึธื›ึถื ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึดื—ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื. ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื’ึดึผื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœึตืชึดื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื•ึฐืงึธืจึทืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืขื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื›ึถื ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึดื—ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึถึผื ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึตึผืืชึดื™ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึปื•ึตึผื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืงื•ึนืœ ื›ึฐึผื”ึดื ึธึผื‘ึฐืึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืจึทืขึทืฉื ื•ึทืชึดึผืงึฐืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ืขึถืฆึถื ืึถืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน. ื•ึฐืจึธืึดื™ืชึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื’ึดึผื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ืขึธืœึธื” ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึทื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืขื•ึนืจ ืžึดืœึฐืžึธืขึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึธึผื”ึถื.


ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึทื™ ื”ึดื ึธึผื‘ึตื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”ึดื ึธึผื‘ึตื ื‘ึถืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื›ึนึผื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ึฐื™ึด ืžึตืึทืจึฐื‘ึทึผืข ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื‘ึนึผืึดื™ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึผืคึฐื—ึดื™ ื‘ึทึผื”ึฒืจื•ึผื’ึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื•ึฐื™ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ. ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึทึผื‘ึตึผืืชึดื™ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื ึดื™ ื•ึทืชึธึผื‘ื•ึนื ื‘ึธื”ึถื ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึทื™ึดึผื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึฐืึนื“ ืžึฐืึนื“. ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึทื™ ื‘ึถึผืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ื”ึธืขึฒืฆึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื›ึธึผืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึตืžึธึผื” ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ื™ึธื‘ึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึธื‘ึฐื“ึธื” ืชึดืงึฐื•ึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึธื ื•ึผ. ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึธึผื‘ึตื ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึนึผื” ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ึฐื™ึด ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ืคึนืชึตื—ึท ืึถืช ืงึดื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœึตื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืงึดึผื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึถึผื ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึฐึผืคึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ ืึถืช ืงึดื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืงึดึผื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืขึทืžึดึผื™. ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ื‘ึธื›ึถื ื•ึดื—ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึทึผื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึทืชึฐื›ึถื ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึถึผื ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื“ึดึผื‘ึทึผืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึดื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ".

ืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืจื“ืขื™ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”
.pdf
Download PDF โ€ข 211KB

515 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช2 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
bottom of page