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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืกื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื—ืœืง ื‘

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 22 ื‘ืคื‘ืจืณ 2021

ื”. ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช


ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื‘ืืจ, ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืื“ื "ื“ืขืช" ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื˜ื•ื‘" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ืจืข". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” "ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื›ึผึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึนื“ึฐืขึตื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึธืจึธืข", ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ืืœื”ื™ื "ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ื“ืขืช", ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื“ืขืช ื ืงื ืชื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช, ืืœื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื• ื•ื ื”ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•, ื ืขื ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืžืžืขืœืชื• ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื”: ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืื—ื•ื– ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืจืข, ืืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืฉืคืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœื‘ื• ืžื•ืฉืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืื“ื ื ืืœืฅ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข. ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื):


"ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื˜ื ื•ื ื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ: 'ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ ืœึฐืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึทืึฒื•ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื' ื ืขื ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืœืœื” ืžืžื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช [...], ื•ื ืงื ื™ืช ืœื• ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื—ื ืช ื”ืจืข ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" (ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘, ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืžืฉืœ ื”ื, ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืืœื ืžืฉืœ ืœื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ื›ื ืข ืœืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื™ืฆืจื• ื”ืจืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื—ืฉ).


ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื—ื– ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉื’ืจื ืœื• ื—ื˜ืื•:


"ื•ืื– ื™ื“ืข ืขืจืš ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืชืขืจื˜ืœ ืžืžื ื• [=ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ืฉื’ื” ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ื’ื“ ืžืคื•ืืจ] ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื [ืขืชื”], ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึดื”ึฐื™ึดื™ืชึถื ื›ึผึตืืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึนื“ึฐืขึตื™ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึธืจึธืข' ื•ืœื ืืžืจ: 'ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืืžืช' [...]. ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืืžืจื•ึน: 'ื•ึทืชึผึดืคึผึธืงึทื—ึฐื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึผึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึตื™ืจึปืžึผึดื ื”ึตื', ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื•ืชืคืงื—ื ื” ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื 'ื•ื™ืจืื•', ื›ื™ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืจืื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” [ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื•ืช] ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืจืื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืขืจืคืœ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื ืชื‘ื”ืจ, ืืœื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื’ ื’ื ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื’ ื’ื ื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื“ื".


ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืงื™ื—ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ึทืชึผึดืคึผึธืงึทื—ึฐื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื", ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืข:


"ื•ื“ืข, ื›ื™ [...] 'ืคืงื—' ืื™ื ื” ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ืขืœ ืคืงื™ื—ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื•ืช: 'ื•ึทื™ึดึผืคึฐืงึทื— ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ื”ึธ' [ื‘ืจ' ื›ื, ื™ื˜], 'ืึธื– ืชึดึผืคึธึผืงึทื—ึฐื ึธื” ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืขึดื•ึฐืจึดื™ื' [ื™ืฉ' ืœื”, ื”], 'ืคึธึผืงื•ึนื—ึท ืึธื–ึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืฉึฐืืžึธืข' [ืฉื ืžื‘, ื›], ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืืžืจื•: 'ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึธืื•ึผ' [ื™ื—' ื™ื‘, ื‘]".


ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืœื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช, ืจืง ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื•, ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ืืฃ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื ืชืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฆืจื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœืกื’ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžื’ืข ืœืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืžืฉื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื›ื ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจื•, ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืžืฉื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคืจื–ื” ื‘ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืœืช ืจืกืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื›ืœื•ืช.


ื•. ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื


ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ืขื•ื ื’ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืจื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื˜ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืœ: ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื• ื’ืŸ-ื”ืขื“ืŸ, ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจื” ืœื• ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื:


"[ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื“, ื›] ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื: 'ืžึฐืฉึทืื ึถึผื” ืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึทืชึฐึผืฉึทืืœึฐึผื—ึตื”ื•ึผ', ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•: ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื” [ื”ืื“ื ืืช] ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• [ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช] โ€“ ื’ื•ืจืฉ, ื›ื™ 'ืคื ื™ื' ืฉื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžืŸ 'ืคื ื”', ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื•. ืืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ื•ืคื ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื“ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืชืื•ื•ืช] โ€“ ื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ึผืชืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ึถืขึธืจึตื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืชืื•ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืœืš ืื—ืจื™ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•, [...] ื•ืื›ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื›ืœื• โ€“ ื ืžื ืข ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœ [=ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื•ื˜ืจื“ื•ืชื™ื•], ื•ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืฉื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžืงื•ื“ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืขืžืœ".


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ืŸ-ื”ืขื“ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกืชื•, ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืชื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ ืขื™ืœืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื”ืจืข โ€“ ื•ืจืง ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืœืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”' ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ึผ ืœืžืขื˜-ืžื–ืขืจ ืžืื•ืชื• ืื•ืจ ื–ืš ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจ.


ื•ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ืชื” ืฉื ืจืžื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ึผืžึตืขึตืฅ ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึธืจึธืข ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึทืœ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืึฒื›ึธืœึฐืšึธ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืช ืชึผึธืžื•ึผืช", ืœื ืžื™ืชื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื˜ืื. ืืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืชื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืื–ื”ืจื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื ื”ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืžืœื™ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื›ืืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื•ืชื• ื–ื ื‘ ื”ืœื˜ืื” ืฉื ื™ืชืง ืžื’ื•ืคื”ึผ, ืฉืจื•ื—ืฉื ื•ืจื•ืžืฉื‚ ื•ืžืชื ื•ืขืข ืืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•.


ื–. ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืจ' ื’, ื›ื‘โ€“ื›ื’): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื, ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืึทื—ึทื“, ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึธืจึธืข, ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื— ื’ึผึทื ืžึตืขึตืฅ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœ ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื; ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึฐื—ึตื”ื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดื’ึผึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึปืงึผึทื— ืžึดืฉึผืึธื". ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื‘ืืจ ืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื‘ืืจื• ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื”, ื): "["ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึธืจึธืข"] ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจืข".


ืขืชื” ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืงืžื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ: "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึธื“ื•ึน" ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืื•? ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืจืื•?


ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืœ ื”ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•, ื›ืš ื’ื ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‚ื›ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืื“ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื˜ืจื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช: ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืงืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื ื’ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืฆื— ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื.


ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ึผืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•, ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืคืข ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืŸ-ืขื“ืŸ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืขื™ืœ: "ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ึผืชืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื”". ื‘ืจื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื ืขืจ ืžืœื”ื™ื˜ื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื™ืช-ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช โ€“ ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ื•ึผืชืจ ืœื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืžืขืœืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ื•ืœืขื•ื ื’ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื.


ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืžืขืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ื—ื˜ื, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”' ืœืœื ืขืžืœ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขื”. ืžืขืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืื– ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืขืชื” ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ืŸ-ืขื“ืŸ: ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืืช ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื•, ืœืฉื‘ึผึตืจ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื‘ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืชื•. ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœ ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื" ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ื•ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉืœื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืขื“ื ื™ื, ื•ืฉื›ืจื” ื”ื•ื: ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžืช.


ื—. ื‘ึผึฐื–ึตืขึทืช ืึทืคึผึถื™ืšึธ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืœึถื—ึถื


ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” (ื‘ืจ' ื’, ื™ื˜): "ื‘ึผึฐื–ึตืขึทืช ืึทืคึผึถื™ืšึธ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืœึถื—ึถื ืขึทื“ ืฉืื•ึผื‘ึฐืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ืœึปืงึผึธื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืคึธืจ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืœ ืขึธืคึธืจ ืชึผึธืฉืื•ึผื‘". ื‘ืจื, ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ ืงืฆืจ, ืืฉืจ ืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืงืžืื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืขื•ืœื•, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื’, ื™ื‘):


"ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืžืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• [=ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืคืจื ืกื”] ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžื•ึนืชืจื•ึนืช ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ โ€“ ื ืขืฉื” ืงืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™".


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื™ื›ื ื™ืข ืืช ืฉืื™ืคืชื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ื. ื‘ืจื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ื ื”ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‚ื’ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื›ืš ื™ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืขืžื•ืœ ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ืืœืฅ ืœืขืžื•ืœ ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื™ืžืขื˜ื• ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื, ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืงืจ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืฆื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžืช.


ื˜. ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื


ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœื•ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื‘, ืœ), ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื (ื, ื‘)?


ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”


ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื‘) ื ื“ื•ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื ืฆืจืฃ ืขืชื” ืืช ื”ืขืจืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื‘, ืœ), ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•:

"ื•ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืžืจื: 'ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžึทื”ึฒืœึธืšึฐ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืชืคืœื’ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•' [ื‘"ืจ ื˜ื–, ื–], ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืขื ืคื™ื•, ืืžืจื•: 'ืœื ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืคื•, ืืœื ืงื•ืจืชื• ืžื”ืœืš ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”', ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ 'ืงื•ืจืชื•' โ€“ ืขื•ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืจืชื• ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช. ื•ืกื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื“ื ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื–ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืžืจื: 'ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืœืื“ื ื•ืœื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื’ืœื•ืชื•' [ืฉื, ื˜ื•], ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื–ืืช".


ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืžืื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืชืคืก ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื–ืืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืื ืจืง ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืžืขืœืช ืื“ื. ื•ื”ื•ื โ€“ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•-ืžื•ืฉื‚ื›ืœื™ื•. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืžืจืžื– ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื (="ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช") ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื•. ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื•", ืœืจืžื•ื– ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืžื“ืขื™-ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืืฃ ืืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžืขืฉื”-ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช โ€“ ืืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.


ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: "ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ื’ื™ืœื”" ื•ื›ื•', ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื“ื ืœืฉื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฆืจื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆืจ-ื”ืจืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืงืฉืจื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื™ ืื ืžืงืฉืจื• ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื•. ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื, ืฉืกื™ื‘ืชื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆืจ-ื”ืจืข ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืฆื•ึผืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืœื• ืืช ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ืžืื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ื˜ืžื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ืŸ ืœื• ืคืชื—".

ืกื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื—ืœืง ื‘
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