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ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื: 'ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื'

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 26 ื‘ืืคืจืณ 2022

ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ "ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื" ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื™"ื–, ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื™ ื—ื™ื‘ืจื•. ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜:


ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืจึตืช [ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื] ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ [ืžึด]ืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื

ื‘ึผื•ึนืึฒื›ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ [ืžึด]ืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื

ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผื ึดื™ ืœึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ [ืžึด]ืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื

[ื‘ึผึฐ]ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึฐื›ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ [ืžึด]ืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื

[ื‘ึผึฐ]ืฆึตืืชึฐื›ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ [ืžึด]ืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื


ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื? ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืขื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ืจื, ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช-ื”ื“ืช ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืื—ื“ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื• ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืคืฆืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช-ื”ืขื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื.


ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ื—ื“ืจืชื• ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืชื•ืš ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื, ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืžื” ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขืžื ื•. ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืชืืจื•ึน ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆืžื—ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื”.


ื. ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืคืจืง ื


[ื] "ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื ื•ืฉ [=ื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ] ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ื‘ืขืจื” ืขืฆืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื™ื. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื˜ืขื•ืชื, ืืžืจื•: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืืœ ื‘ืจื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืืœื• [...] ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ืชื ื ื‘ืžืจื•ื ื—ืœืง ืœื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื•, ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœืฉื‘ื—ื ื•ืœืคืืจืื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืœื”ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื’ื“ึผึตืœ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ [=ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื“ื• ื•ื™ื•ืงื™ืจื• ืืช] ืžื™ ืฉืึถื’ึผึดื“ึผึฐืœื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึผึฐื“ื•ึน [=ืžื™ ืฉื”ืืœ ื—ืœืง ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“], ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ื‘ื“ [=ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื“ื• ืืช] ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• [ืžืคื ื™ ืฉ]ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš".


[ื‘] "ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืœื‘ื, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื”ืŸ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืฉื‘ื—ื ื•ืœืคืืจื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื [=ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื] ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื”ืจืขื” โ€“ ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”".


[ื’] "ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื”, ืœื ืฉื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืœื•ื” ืืœื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืžื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: 'ืžึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึดืจึธืึฒืšึธ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึธืึธืชึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื›ึฐืžึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึธื ืžึตืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ื™ึดื‘ึฐืขึฒืจื•ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึดื›ึฐืกึธืœื•ึผ ืžื•ึผืกึทืจ ื”ึฒื‘ึธืœึดื™ื ืขึตืฅ ื”ื•ึผื' [ื™, ื–โ€“ื—]. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœ ืœื‘ื“ืš, ืื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื•ืชื ื•ื›ืกื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืžื“ืžื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื”ื•ื".


ื‘. ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืคืจืง ื‘


[ื] "ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ืœื ืžืœืืš [...] ื•ืœื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ [...] ื•ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื [...] ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื ื‘ืจื ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืชื—ืœื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”".


[ื‘] "ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืืžืจื”: 'ื•ึผืคึถืŸ ืชึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึฐืจึธืึดื™ืชึธ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืžึถืฉื [ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืจึตื—ึท ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื [...] ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึดื™ืชึธ ืœึธื”ึถื ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึธื (ื“ื‘' ื“, ื™ื˜)]' [...]. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืžื ืชืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืš [=ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชืš] ื•ืชืจืื” ืฉืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื [...] ื•ืชืืžืจ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ื•ืืžืจ: 'ื”ึดืฉึผืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึถื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื' [ื“ื‘' ื™ื, ื˜ื–], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืชื˜ืขื• ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืกืจืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื".


ื’. "ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื"


ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”. ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืœืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ืจืคืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืžื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ื.


ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืžืื•ืžื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•:


"ื•ืžืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ [...] ืฉืขื™ืงืจื™ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืขืฉืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช [...] ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ืœืจื•ืžืžื• ื•ืœืคืจืกื ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื•ืžืฉืžืขืชื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ [ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™-ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ื›ื ื™-ื‘ืชื™-ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื›ืจื•ื—: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืขึธื‘ึฐืจึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ" (ืชื”' ืงื’, ื˜ื–)], ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืœื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื ืืœื™ื•, ืืœื ื›ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื•ืœืชื• [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ึทืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ืขืจืฆื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืื” ืœืžืื•ืžื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”]. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”".


ื•ืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ื™ "ืžื˜ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”" (ื’, ืœื–; ื•ืจืื•: "ืืคื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ื", ืขืž' 108).


ืืžื ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžืืŸ-ื“ื”ื• ืฉื˜ืขืŸ, ืฉื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ "ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื" "ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื", ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืœืœ ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”.


ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื•: ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœืš-ืžืœื›ื™-ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื! ื”ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”? ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื ืฉืชื‘ื— ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื". ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืงืฉืจ ืฉืžื• ืœืžืœืš-ืžืœื›ื™-ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืจื•ึนืžึทื ื•ื ืฉืชื‘ื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“-ืžืื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืœืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื! ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืชื” ืžืœืš ืื• ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื‘ืฆืืชื• ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื“-ืžืื“?


ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจืช, ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ืœืœื™ื ื•ืžืคืืจื™ื ืืช ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”! ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืœืœ ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื•ื”ืœืœ ืœื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืืจ ื•ืœืจื•ืžึตื ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช.


ื•ืืฆืจืฃ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘-ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืจืื• ื ื ืืช ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ื—ื™ื ืžืจื“ื™ืคืช ื”ืฉืจืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืืœื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ื ื™ืฃ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื (ื•ื ืžืฆืื• "ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”" ื›ืžืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžึผึธืจื™ื). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื•ืžืจ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”" ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื ื•ืคื” ื•ื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืืจ "ืจื‘" ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื•ืžื ื•ืœืคืืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื•ืžืฆืคื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“... ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื“, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื•ึผ ืžืขืœื” ืื—ืช ืžืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช...


ื ื—ืชื•ื ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”: "ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื" (ื•, ื™ื“; ื—, ื™ื), ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ, ืขึดืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึดื™ื ื•ึผืจึฐืื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืฉืึทืึฒืœื•ึผ ืœึดื ึฐืชึดื‘ื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื: ืึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึผืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึทืจึฐื’ึผื•ึนืขึท ืœึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึฐื›ึถื" (ื™ืจ' ื•, ื˜ื–).


ื“. ื”ึดืœื›ืช "ื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื"


ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ืคื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื–, ื”) ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื ื›ืš: "ื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืžืฉืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžืจื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืœื™ ืขื“ ืฉืื›ื ืก ื•ืืฆื, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื". ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื ื•ืกื—: "ืฉืžืจื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืœื™"ื•ื›ื•', ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉืžื™ืจื”, ืืœื, ื”ืžืœื” "ืฉืžืจื•ื ื™" ื”ื™ื ืžืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช ืœ"ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•", ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ืœืื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื™ื“), ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื•ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ [ืกื’ ืข"ื‘]: ืœื ืชื–ื›ื™ืจื•, ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•: ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืจ [=ื”ืžืชืŸ] ืœื™ ื‘ืฆื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช".


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืจื ื• ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื”ื•ืช: ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื” ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืคืกืงื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœ"ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื" ื•ืœ"ืžืฉืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ", ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื!


ื‘ืจื, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ืื›ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉืžื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื–ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ืงื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขื ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•! ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืฉืžื™ืžื™ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื "ืžืฉืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ", ืืฉืจ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ืจื• ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืžื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช!


ืืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืฉืœื™ื, ืžื”ื™ ืืคื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื?


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื-ื”ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™-ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœื•: ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฉืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืœืื›ื™ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืœืืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื ืงืจื ืžืœืืš, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืžืœืืš, ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื‘, ื•):


"ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช [ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ] ืืžืจื• ื›ืš ื‘ืกืชื: 'ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืžืœืš ื‘ืคืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”' [...] ื•ื ืืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” [ื ื, ื’]: 'ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ึทื™ื™ึธ [ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”] ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื•'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื” ืฉืžื“ืžื™ื ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ื™ืชืขืœื” [ืžืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื• ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ] โ€“ ืื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืขืฆื” ื•ื”ื™ืขื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ื•ื”ื™ืืš ื™ื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจื? ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ โ€“ ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ืืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช [ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ืงืจืื™ื] 'ืžืœืื›ื™ื' [...] ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื• ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืœืืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื”ืœืช: ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื“ื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื ืคืฉื• ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืžืœืืš ื•ืžืœืืš ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืจื•ื‘ [ื™, ื›ื’]. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื“ืžื” ื ืงืจื ืžืœืืš, ื•ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ [=ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”] ื ืงืจื ื›ืจื•ื‘ [ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื ืจื“ืฃ ืœืžืœืืš], ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข, ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืกื›ืœื™ื".


ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื ืงืจื "ืžืœืืš", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืฉืœื—ื ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืขืœืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืฉืžื• ื”ื ื•ืจื, ื•ืœื–ึทื›ื•ืชื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื’ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ "ืžืœืืš", ื•ืืœื™ื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื: "ื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื" ื•ื›ื•', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืงืจื ืžืœืืš, ื•ืงืจืื• ืืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืžืœืื›ื™ื.


ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื–ืงืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื–ื•? ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื?


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืจืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฃ, ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ื’ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื˜ืจื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฃ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ืชืขืœื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื• ืฆืœื ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื— ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื, ื•ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”', ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœื• ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื•, ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืคื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื›ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืืœื”ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ื• โ€“ ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื?


ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืื ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื• ื•ืืฉืจ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช; ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื! ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื”ืื“ื ื™ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื’ืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืืœื”ื™ ืฉื ืฆืžื“ ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื• ื•ื™ึทืคื ื” ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ืœืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื’ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื ืœืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื” ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื.


ืงืฆืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื• ืœืฆื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ, ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื•ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืขืœื” ื”ื–ื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ืกื•ืช-ืจื•ื— ื•ืขื–ื•ืช-ืคื ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืงืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื, ืขื“-ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื”' ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ื™ืชืขืœื”.


ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื’, ื ื‘) ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‚ึตื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื—ืจืคืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื:


"ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžื™ ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช, ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื™ื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืคืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื ืฆืžื“ ืœื• ืชืžื™ื“, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื ืฆืžื“ ื•ื”ืื•ืคืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื‚ึตื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ืขืœื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื’ืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” [...] ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ืขืžื ื• ืชืžื™ื“, ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืฆื™ืฅ. [...] ื•ื“ืข, ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื• ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื, ื”ื•ืฉื’ ืœื”ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”', ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ืžืคื ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื โ€“ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืกืชืจื™ื”ื ืขื ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื›ื ื’ืœื ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืื“ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื”], [...] ื•ืืžืจื• ืขื•ื“: ืื™ ื–ื” ืฆื ื•ืข? ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคื ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืคื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื" ื•ื›ื•'.


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœื’ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื ืžืชื•ืš ื™ืจืืช-ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืืœื”ื™, ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉื•ืคืข ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืžื ื• ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื? ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื‚ึตื›ืœ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ืขืžื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช? ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืจืืช-ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื ื›ื ืก ื™ื—ื“ ืขืžื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื! ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืข"ื” ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึฐืกึตื, ืฉืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืคืงืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ืจื”ืจื• ืฉื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืขืœื™ื.


ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืกื’ืจ ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ" ืืœื ืœืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ: "ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืคืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื ืฆืžื“ ืœื• ืชืžื™ื“", ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืฆืžื“ ืœืื“ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืขืชื™ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžืคื ื” ืืช ืฉื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืงืืคื— ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื (ื’, ื ื‘) ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” "ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงืจื 'ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื', ื•ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: 'ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื•ื ื• ืจืชื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื' [ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื‘, ื]". ื•ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืคืจืฉ: "ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื—ืก ืขืœ ืฉื›ืœื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”', ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขืจืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•" ื•ื›ื•'.


ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ื•ื ืฉื–ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”, ื”ืื“ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉื‚ึตื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืžื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื–ื• ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™-ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื‘ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื•ืจื” (ื, ื—) ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืฉื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื”" (ื™ื•ืžื ื›ื˜ ืข"ื), ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื:


"ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื•ืคืœื ืžืื“, ื•ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืกืคื—ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื• [...] ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ืกืคื—ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• [=ืœื ืคืฉื•-ืฉื›ืœื•], ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื• [=ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืขืœื”]. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืฉืžืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื–ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืชืขืžืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื“ ืกื›ืœ [=ืžืฉืœ ืœื‘ื”ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื] ื›ืืฉืžืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืขืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืŸ-ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืกื™ื“ [=ืžืฉืœ ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืฆืœื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื], ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช [=ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”] ื•ื›ืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื ืกืคื—ื™ื ืœื” [=ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”], ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืชื“ื• [=ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื•] ืœื• [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ] ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืขืœื”, ืœื ืœื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจื•ืช ืœืขืžืงื™ ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช".


ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฃ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื’ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืจืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืื“ื, ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืคื ื” ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืคื•? ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืฃ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืš ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืคืœ ื”ืฉืคืœื•ืช, ื”ืื“ื ื™ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช? ื”ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื’ืกื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื•ืขื–ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื?


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื” ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื•ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื ื•. ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื›ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื”ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืžืฆืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“.


ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ


ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืืฉืžืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœืคื™ื•ื˜ "ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื" ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืž"ืจืฉืข ืขืžื•ืง", ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: 1) ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”; 2) ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื”. ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ืžื—, ื˜ื–), ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืฉื: "ื”ึทืžึทึผืœึฐืึธืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึนึผืึตืœ ืึนืชึดื™ ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ืจึธืข ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึฐึผืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึธึผืจึตื ื‘ึธื”ึถื ืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉึตืื ืึฒื‘ึนืชึทื™ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐื™ึดื“ึฐื’ึผื•ึผ ืœึธืจึนื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืงึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื "ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื•".


ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืชื•ืขื”:


ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืืžื ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืœืืš? ื”ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื:


"ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถืšึฐ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึทืจ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึฐึผื›ื•ึผ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึทื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึนืขึถื” ืึนืชึดื™ ืžึตืขื•ึนื“ึดื™ ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”. ื”ึทืžึทึผืœึฐืึธืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึนึผืึตืœ ืึนืชึดื™ ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ืจึธืข ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ื”ึทื ึฐึผืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึดืงึธึผืจึตื ื‘ึธื”ึถื ืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉึตืื ืึฒื‘ึนืชึทื™ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐื™ึดื“ึฐื’ึผื•ึผ ืœึธืจึนื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืงึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" (ืฉื, ื˜ื•โ€“ื˜ื–).


ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื ืืžืจื• ืžื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืœืืš ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืœืืš. ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ: ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืœืืš ื”' ืฉืžืจ ืขืœื™ ื›ืš ืžืœืืš ื”' ื™ืฉืžื•ืจ ื’ื ืขืœื™ื›ื, ื•ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœื— ืžืœืืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืœื— ืžืœืืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื›ื.


ื•ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืก"ื’ ืฉื, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื”ึทืžึทึผืœึฐืึธืšึฐ โ€“ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœืืš [=ื”ืงื‘"ื”] ื’ืืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ืจืข, ื•ื”ื•ื [=ื”ืงื‘"ื”] ื™ื‘ืจืš" ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจ"ื ื‘ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื•: "ื”ืžืœืืš ื”ื’ื•ืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืžืœืืš ืืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืžืœืืš ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื• ื•ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•".


ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™; ื•ืจืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื™: "ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœ'ืžืœื™ืฆื™ ื™ื•ืฉืจ' โ€“ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื“ืชื™ ืื• ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช".


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื”: ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื™ืงื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.

ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื 'ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉึธืืœื•ึนื'
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