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ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื - ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 22 ื‘ืคื‘ืจืณ 2021

ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ืจื ื™ื“, ืจื’ืœ, ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘. ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืžื“ื ื• ื’ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืคืขืœื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ืขืž' ืžื):


"ืื ืงืœื•ืก ื”ื’ืจ ืฉืœื ืžืื“ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืืจืžื™ืช, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืžืชืืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ืžื‘ืืจื• ื›ืคื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•".


ืขื•ื“ ืจืื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืจืื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ืฉื• "ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช", ื•ืืžืจื ื• ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ืœืคื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื”.


ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช


ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ืฆืจืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชืจื’ื•ืžื•-ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื•ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืก"ื’.


ื) ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช (ื–, ื”) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื˜ึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนื›ึธื". ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ื›ืš: "ื•ึฐื™ึดื“ึผึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธืึตื™ ืึฒืจึตื™ ืึฒื ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื›ึผึทื“ ืึฒืจึตื™ื ื™ึธืช ืžึทื—ึทืช ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึฐืชึดื™ ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื. ื•ึฐืึทืคึผึตื™ืง ื™ึธืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ื•ึนืŸ". ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื™ื, ื•ืžืชืจื’ื: ื›ืืฉืจ ืื›ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื™. ื’ื ืจืก"ื’ ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื’ื ืฉื: "ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื โ€“ ื›ืฉืืฉืœื— ืžื’ืคื•ืชื™ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื". ื‘ืจื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืชืจื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืืช ื™ื“ื™ โ€“ ื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื".


ื‘) ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช (ื™ื“, ืœื) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื“ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึธืขึธื ืึถืช ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื”' ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉืึถื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน". ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ื›ืš: "ื•ึทื—ึฒื–ึธื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื™ึธืช ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืจึทืช ื™ึฐื“ึธื ืจึทื‘ึผึฐืชึธื. ื“ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ ื™ึฐื™ึธ, ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื. ื•ึผื“ึฐื—ึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืขึทืžึผึธื, ืžึดืŸ ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึตื™ืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ, ื‘ึฐึผืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึธื ื“ึผึทื™ื™ึธ. ื•ึผื‘ึดื ึฐื‘ึดื™ื•ึผืช ืžึนืฉืึถื”, ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึตื™ื”ึผ". ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืื• ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืืš ืœื ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• (ืขืž' ืœื•):


"ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืœืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ [=ื›ืœ ืคืขืœ ืื• ืขืฆื] ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื”' ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืื• ืกืคื™ื—ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ืžืคืจืฉื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฉืžื˜ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•, ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื ืกืคื— ืœื”', ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืžื˜. ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”' ื ึดืฆึผึธื‘ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•' โ€“ 'ื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื ื“ึผึทื”' ืžึฐืขึทืชึผึทื“ ืขึดืœึผึธื•ื•ึนื”ึดื™' [ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—, ื™ื’; ื•ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืจืก"ื’ ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”' โ€“ ื•ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”'"], ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง: 'ื™ึดืฆึถืฃ ื”' ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึถืšึธ' โ€“ 'ื™ึดืกึทืšึฐ ืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึธื ื“ึผึทื”'' [ืฉื ืœื, ืžื˜], ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืข"ื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฉืžื˜ ืื•ืชื• ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื•, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึทืช ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ื”.


ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืชื” ืœืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช (ื™ื“, ืœื), ืœื ืจืง ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”, ื’ื ืจืก"ื’, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉื: "ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” โ€“ ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ืช". ืื•ืœื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื ืจืื” ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžื: "ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื“, ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืคืจืฉื• [ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก?] ื™ืชืงืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ". ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื›ืืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื“ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื‘ืžืงืจื, ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื•.


ื’) ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช (ืœื’, ื›ื‘) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื ึดืงึฐืจึทืช ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทื›ึผึนืชึดื™ ื›ึทืคึผึดื™ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืขึทื“ ืขึธื‘ึฐืจึดื™". ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ืฉื ื›ืš: "ื•ึดื™ื”ึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืขึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ื™ึฐืงึธืจึดื™. ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึทื•ึตึผื™ื ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืขึธืจึทืช ื˜ึดื ึผึธืจึธื. ื•ึฐืึทื’ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึดื™. ืขึทืœึธืšึฐ ืขึทื“ ื“ึฐึผืึทืขึฐื‘ึผึทืจ". ื•ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ืืžื™ืจื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื›ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ืœื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื›ืœื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืขืฆื ื”ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื’ืกื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืจืก"ื’ ืชืจื’ื ืฉื ื›ืš: "ื•ืืกื•ื›ืš ื‘ืขื ื ื™", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ืกื•ื›ืš ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืขื ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”' ืžืขืœ ื–ืืช ืœืขื™ืœื ืœืขื™ืœื.


ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึดื™" ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• (ืขืž' ืœื•): "ื•ืžืžื” ืฉืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื”ื’ืจ ื–"ืœ, ืžืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึดื™', ื”ื ื” ื‘ืืจ, ื›ื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ืœื ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืฉืžื•, ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืžืจ 'ืขึทื“ ืขึธื‘ึฐืจึดื™'".


ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื ื›ืš: "ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึดื™ โ€“ ื›ืฉืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš [...] ื•ืฉื›ืชื™ ื›ืคื™ โ€“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืœ, ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: ื•ืื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืžืจื™, ื›ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื•ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืฃ ืžืžืฉ". ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื• ืžืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื:


ื’.1) ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืฉืœ! ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึดื™", ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ: "ื›ืฉืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ืš", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืืœื ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ื™ืชืขืœื” ืžืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื• ืขืฆืžื•ืช. ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื‘ืืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื›ึผึฐื‘ึนื“ึดื™" ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”.


ื’.2) ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื‘ืืžืจื• "ื•ึฐืึทื’ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึดื™" ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืฆืจื›ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื™? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื•-ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•, ืฉื‘ื” ื”' ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกื•ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืคื• ืžืžืฉ. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ืงืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื‘ื•ืจื ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘. ื•ืœืขืฆื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•? ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”?


ื’.3) ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ: "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทื›ึผึนืชึดื™ ื›ึทืคึผึดื™ โ€“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืœ". ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื–ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ ืœืงื—ื•. ื•ืœืขืฆื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืžืง ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื•, ื•ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ "ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ-ื‘ืจื•ืš-ื”ื•ื?", ืื™"ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ... ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืจืื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™...


ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงืœ


ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ื•ื ื™ืชื—ื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ื‘ ื–ื ื“ื ื™ ื”ื™"ื•. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื• ืขืจื›ื ื• ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื™ื—, ืœื’): "ื•ื™ืœืš ื”' โ€“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืชืชืง ื”ืกื ื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืœืš ืœื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ืŸ", ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื˜ื–, ื›ื‘) ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืงึดื™ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืฆึผึตื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึธื ึตื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ", ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืš: "ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื โ€“ ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื‘ื— ืื“ืžื” ืฆื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื•ืืช ื–ื• ืฉื ื ื›ื™ ื—ืง ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ืขื ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืขืฉืื•ื” ืืœื• ื—ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”". ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช ืœื”' ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื ืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ (ืจืื• ืกื“ืจืช ืžืืžืจื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื). ืจืก"ื’ ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืฉื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืžืคืจืฉ: "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉื‚ึธื ึตื โ€“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ึทืฉื‚ึผึธื ื•ึผื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”'".


ื‘ืจื, ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื–ื” ืžืฆืื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืืžืชื—ืชื™ื ื•:


ื) ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื™ื, ื”) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”' ืœึดืจึฐืึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื", ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืชืจื’ื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”': "ื•ึฐืึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ", ื•ื’ื ืจืก"ื’ ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”' โ€“ ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ื”' ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื—ื“ื”". ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืš: "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”' ืœึดืจึฐืึนืช โ€“ ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื›ืš, ืืœื ื‘ื ืœืœืžื“ ืœื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืจืฉื™ืขื• ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•. ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื". ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื™ืจื“ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืจืื” ื”ื›ืœ ื’ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”... ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืจื—ื•ืง ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืœืคึนืขืœ ื™ืจื“.


ื‘) ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื•, ื›ื”) ื ืืžืจ: "ื™ึธืึตืจ ื”' ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึดื™ื—ึปื ึผึถืšึผึธ", ื•ืฉื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื™ืืจ ื”' ืคื ื™ื• ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื™ืจืื” ืœืš ืคื ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ืงื•ืช, ืคื ื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช", ื•ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืืœื™ื’ื•ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื˜ื ื™.


ื’) ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื™, ืœื”) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐืกึนืขึท ื”ึธืึธืจึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื”' ื•ึฐื™ึธืคึปืฆื•ึผ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึธื ึปืกื•ึผ ืžึฐืฉื‚ึทื ึฐืึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืคึผึธื ึถื™ืšึธ", ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืžืชืจื’ื ื›ืš: "ื•ึทื”ึฒื•ึธื”. ื‘ึฐึผืžึดื˜ึผึทืœ ืึฒืจื•ึนื ึธื ื•ึทืึฒืžึทืจ ืžึนืฉืึถื”. ืึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐืœึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื“ึผึฐืจื•ึผืŸ ืฉื‚ึธื ึฐืึธืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื™ึดืขึฐืจึฐืงื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœึตื™ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธืš ืžึดืŸ ืงึณื“ึธืžึธืšึฐ". ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื–ื” ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ืขืž' ืžื):


[ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืจืืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉื›ื:] "ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื [=ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก] ืžื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืื•ืจ ื ื‘ืจื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื’ื—ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืชืจื’ื: ื™ืจื“ ื”' โ€“ ื™ืชื’ืœื™ ื”'; ื•ื™ืจื“ ื”' โ€“ ื•ืืชื’ืœื™ ื”', ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ื•ื ื—ืช ื”'; ืืจื“ื” ื ื ื•ืืจืื” โ€“ ืืชื’ืœื™ ื›ืขืŸ ื•ืื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•". ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• (ื, ื™ื‘) ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” "ืงื™ืžื”" ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”.


ืื•ืœื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจื™ื— ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื”' โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื•ืืœ ืชืชืจื—ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื‘ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ". ื•ืฆื“ืง ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืืžืจื•ึน ืฉืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื ืฉืชื‘ืฉื• "ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืจืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช". ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื ื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื• ื•ื‘ืŸ ืืจืฆื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืžืžื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”.


ื“) ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื™ื, ื) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื”ึธืขึธื ื›ึผึฐืžึดืชึฐืึนื ึฐื ึดื™ื ืจึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื”', ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืจ ืึทืคึผื•ึน ื•ึทืชึผึดื‘ึฐืขึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื ืึตืฉื ื”' ื•ึทืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื‘ึผึดืงึฐืฆึตื” ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื ึถื”", ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ึทื”ึฒื•ึธื” ืขึทืžึผึธื ื›ึผึทื“ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทืงึผึฐืคึดื™ืŸ. ื‘ึผึดื™ืฉื ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึดื™ืขึท ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึผืชึฐืงึตื™ืฃ ืจื•ึผื’ึฐื–ึตื™ื”ึผ. ื•ึผื“ึฐืœึตื™ืงึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ืึดื™ืฉืึธืชึธื ืžึดืŸ ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ. ื•ึฐืฉืึตื™ืฆึดื™ืึทืช ื‘ึผึดืกึฐื™ึธืคึตื™ ืžึทืฉืึฐืจึดื™ืชึธื". ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช: ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืœื” "ืื–ื ื™" ื‘"ืœืคื ื™", ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ "ืœืคื ื™" ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”' ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื: ืจืข ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื•ื ืฉืžืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”'.


ื’ื ืจืก"ื’ ืžืจื—ื™ืง ื›ืืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื›ืžืชืื•ื ื ื™ื ืจืข โ€“ ื›ืžืชืขื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”'". ืื•ืœื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื ื›ืŸ ืขืžื•, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื’ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉื: "ืจืข ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”' โ€“ ืชื•ืื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืขื” ื‘ืื–ื ื™ ื”', ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ื‘ืื–ื ื™ื• ื•ื™ืงื ื™ื˜. ืืžืจื•: ืื•ื™ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืฉืœื ื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื ื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš". ื•ืื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ ืœื ื• ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื’ืจื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืš.


ื•ื ืฆืจืฃ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืจืก"ื’ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื‘, ื™ื’): "ื”ึทืขึนื–ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื™ึนืฉืึถืจ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ", ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ืžื˜ืขื•ืชื, ืฉื”ื ืœื ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืืœื ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ื”ึทืขึนื–ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื™ึนืฉืึถืจ' ื•ื’ื•', ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื• [=ืœื”ื‘ืœ] ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ื˜ื ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื˜ืื ื›ืคื•ืœ".


ื”) ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื™ื‘, ื—): "ื•ึผืชึฐืžึปื ึทืช ื”' ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜" ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžืชืจื’ื ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ึผื“ึฐืžื•ึผ ื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื ื“ึผึฐื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึทืœ". ื’ื ืจืก"ื’ ื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ึผืชึฐืžึปื ึทืช ื”' ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ โ€“ ื•ืžืจืื•ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืœื• ื™ื‘ื™ื˜". ื•ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื ืžึธืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืคื—: "ื›ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื ื‘ื™ื ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืจืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื›ื— ืชืคื™ืฉืชื•".


ืื•ืœื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืืŸ ืžืชืจื’ื ื›ืš: "ื•ึผืชึฐืžึปื ึทืช ื”' ื™ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ โ€“ ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืื—ื•ืจื™ึดื, ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื’, ื›ื’): ื•ึฐืจึธืึดื™ืชึธ ืึถืช ืึฒื—ึนืจึธื™". ื•ืืฃ ืฉืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืจืื”ื• ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”, "ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ื", ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืœื ืจืง ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”. ื•ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืฉืชืง ื•ืชื”ื™ ืœื• ืœื—ื›ืžื”. ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•.


ื•) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื™ื“, ื˜ื–) "ืžึดื‘ึผึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื›ึนืœึถืช ื”' ืœึฐื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”", ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ืžื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช โ€“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืฉื—ื˜ื". ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืœืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืงืจื?! ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”...


ื–) ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื›ื, ื›ื’): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึดืœึฐืœึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืชึผึธืœื•ึผื™", ืžืชืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื›ืš: "ืึฒืจึตื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึฐึผื—ึธื‘ ืงึณื“ึธื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึดืฆึฐื˜ึฐืœึดื™ื‘", ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืก"ื’ ืฉื: "ื›ื™ ืงืœืœืช โ€“ ื›ื™ ื ืชืœื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคืงืจ ื•ื”ืชืคืจืฅ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”'". ืื•ืœื, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื’ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช-ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืš ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™-ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื›ื™ ืงืœืœืช ืืœื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ โ€“ ื–ืœื–ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื“ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื• ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื•". ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืืœื™ื’ื•ืจื™ ื›ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงืจื•ืข ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื.


ื—) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืœื’, ื‘) ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื”' ืžึดืกึผึดื™ื ึทื™ ื‘ึผึธื โ€“ ื™ืฆื ืœืงืจืืชื ื›ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื”ืชื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื”ืจ, ื›ื—ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื™ื–) ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืืœื”ื™ื, ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ืฆื ื›ื ื’ื“ื". ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืฉื”' ื™ืฆื ืœืงืจืืชื? ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื“ื‘ืง ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืžื”? ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”' ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื ืžืžืงื•ื ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื”ืžื–ืขื–ืขืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™.


ื˜) ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืคืจืง ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ืช ืœื”' ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื ืื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช-ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื ืฆืจืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: 1) ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื•, ื›ื•) ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืš: "ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื”' ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ โ€“ ื™ื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืขืกื•"; 2) ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื“, ื›ื“) ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืš: "ืึตืœ ืงึทื ึผึธื โ€“ ืžืงื ื ืœื ืงื•ื [...] ืžืชื—ืจื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื’ื–ื• ืœื”ืคืจืข ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”". ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืขืก ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”? ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ "ืžืชื—ืจื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื’ื–ื•"?, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”...


ื•ืื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืกึธื›ึทืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”' ื™ื“ ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื›ืœ ื•ื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ื•ื, ื›ืขืก ื•ื–ืขื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘, ืžืชืืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื• ื”ื—ืกืจื” ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.


ื™) ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืœื‘, ื™ื–) ื ืืžืจ ื›ืš: "ื™ึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึทืฉึผืึตื“ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืึฑืœึนื”ึผึท ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึฐื“ึธืขื•ึผื ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืžึดืงึผึธืจึนื‘ ื‘ึผึธืื•ึผ ืœึนื ืฉื‚ึฐืขึธืจื•ึผื ืึฒื‘ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื", ื•ืฉื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืš: "ืœึนื ืึฑืœึนื”ึผึท โ€“ ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• [ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก]: 'ื“ึฐึผืœึตื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ืฆึฐืจื•ึนืš', [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ] ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื ืื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•".


ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื–ื”, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื‘ื ืชื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืฉืช ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืช ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ: "ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื ืื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•". ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื•ืขืชืงื™ื ืžืžื“ืจืฉ ืกืคืจื™ (ืฉื, ืฉื™ื—):


"ื™ึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึทืฉึผืึตื“ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืึฑืœึนื”ึผึท โ€“ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ืžื” ื•ืœืœื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืžื–ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื ืื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”".


ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืจื’ืฉ ืขื– ืฉืœ ืงื ืื”? ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืงื ืื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ ืžืงืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžืฉืœ, ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ืืคื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืงื ืื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”" ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ?


ืืžื ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ืกื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ "ืงื ืื”", ืœืืœื” ืืฉื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื” ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื—ืกื• ืœื”' ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื™ ืฉืฉื’ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื™ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจืชื” ืžืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ืจื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืžืื•ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ื˜ื ื—ื˜ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืืœื”ื™ื (ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืืจืชื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ "ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื").


ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืฆื”ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ื™ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื’, ื—): "ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ืืชื™ ืืœื ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื ื•ืœืื’ื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื•". ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืชืžื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืฉื˜ื™ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช? ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง? ื•ื”ืœื ื–ื• ืกืชื™ืจื” ืžื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ืžืฉื•ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื›ืœื• ื ืงื™ ืžื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื–ืš ืžื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืœื™ื, ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช. ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชืขืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžื˜ืขื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ.


ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืจื’ืข ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื’ืจืกืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”! ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ื’, ืžื•): "ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™: 'ืœื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ืžื” ื•ืœื‘ื ื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื–ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืฉื ื”ืฆืœ' [ืฉื]". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื "ืงื ืื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”" ื›ืžื• ืฉื’ืจืก ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ื”ื‘ื ืœื™ื˜ืžื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ืŸ ืœื• ืคืชื— ืœื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช.


ื™ื) ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื, ื›ื•โ€“ื›ื–): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทืœึฐืžึตื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื“ึฐืžื•ึผืชึตื ื•ึผ" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื›ืš ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื:


"'ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึธื“ึธื' โ€“ ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ-ื‘ืจื•ืš-ื”ื•ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื›ืืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืงื ืื• ื‘ื• ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืžืœืš ื‘ื”ื [...]. 'ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทืœึฐืžึตื ื•ึผ' โ€“ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœื ื•. [...] 'ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทืœึฐืžื•ึน' โ€“ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื•, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึทืชึผึธืฉืึถืช ืขึธืœึทื™ ื›ึผึทืคึผึถื›ึธื”' [ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื˜, ื”] [...]. 'ื‘ึผึฐืฆึถืœึถื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืจึธื ืึนืชื•ึน' โ€“ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืœืš ืฉืื•ืชื• ืฆืœื ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืœื•, ืฆืœื ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ื•ื".


ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช-ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื–ื• ืœื”ืฉืงืคืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืื•ืžื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืื• ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื ืงื ืื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืจืขื” ืฉื”ื ื›ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ืขืœื™ื.


ืืš ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ "ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื•ื”ื•ื [=ื”ืื“ื] ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื "ืฆืœื ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ื•ื", ื•ืืฃ ื–ื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืขื– ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”?!


ื™ื‘) ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื•, ื•): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืขึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน". ื•ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืฉื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ: "ื•ึฐืชึธื‘ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึผึฐืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึตื™ื”ึผ, ืึฒืจึตื™ ืขึฒื‘ึทื“ ื™ึธืช ืึฑื ึธืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืขึธื, ื•ึทืึฒืžึทืจ ื‘ึฐึผืžึตื™ืžึฐืจึตื™ื”ึผ ืœึฐืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ืชึผื•ึผืงึฐืคึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึดืจึฐืขื•ึผืชึตื™ื”ึผ" (=ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจื•ึน ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืจืฉืขื•ืชื ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•). ืจืก"ื’ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื ื”' ื•ื›ื•', ืื– ืืžืจ ื”' ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉื ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉืื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืฆื‘ื•ืŸ ืืœ ืœื‘ื".


ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ื, ื›ื˜) ื›ืš: "ืขืฆื‘ ืฉื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ: [ื] ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ื›ืื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ, 'ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื‘ ืชึผึตืœึฐื“ึดื™ ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื' [ื‘ืจ' ื’, ื˜ื–]; [ื‘] ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ื›ืขืก, 'ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึฒืฆึธื‘ื•ึน ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึธื™ื•' [ืž"ื ื, ื•] โ€“ ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ื–ื•, 'ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึถืขึฐืฆึทื‘ ืึถืœ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“' [ืฉ"ื ื›, ืœื“] โ€“ ืจื’ื– ื‘ื’ืœืœื•; [ื’] ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืžืจื™ ื•ื”ืžืจื“, 'ืžึธืจื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึดืฆึผึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน' [ื™ืฉ' ืกื’, ื™], 'ื™ึทืขึฒืฆึดื™ื‘ื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืžื•ึนืŸ' [ืชื”' ืขื—, ืž] [...], 'ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ื™ึฐืขึทืฆึผึตื‘ื•ึผ' [ืฉื ื ื•, ื•]. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื• ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื ืืžืจ 'ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืขึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน': [1] ืื ื›ืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉื”' ื”ืชืื ืฃ ื‘ื”ื [=ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉื] ืœืจื•ืข ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื [ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื, ื›ื™ ื ืืžืจ "ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน" ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”' ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ื ื ื‘ื™ื] [...]; [2] ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื•ื™ืžืจื” ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื• [=ื‘ืื“ื], ื›ื™ 'ืœื‘' ื ืงืจื ื’ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ [=ื›ื™ ื”' ืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืื“ื ืคืจื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืงืข ื‘ืชืื•ื•ืชื ื•ืช]".


ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืขึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน โ€“ ื ืชืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื›ืžื• 'ื ึถืขึฑืฆึทื‘ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน' [ืฉ"ื‘ ื™ื˜, ื’]". ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ืžืชืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื?! ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•?! ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื–ืืช, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืืช ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื• ืืช ืขื™ืฆื‘ื•ื ื• ื•ืื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืขืœ ื‘ื ื• ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ืœืขื™ืฆื‘ื•ื ื• ื•ืื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื.


ื™ื) ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื“ื•ื’ืžื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื•, ื•), ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื ึผึธื—ึถื ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” โ€“ ื ื—ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืจื™ื“ืŸ", ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ืžืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื? ื•ืฆืจ ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืคืฉื˜ื ื™ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืกื›ืœื•ืช ืชื”ื•ืžื™ืช.


ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ

ืœืฆืขืจื™ ื”ืจื‘, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืชื ืขืจ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœื ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ืฉื“ืฉ ื‘ืจืคืฉ ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืžืขืœืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื. ืจืง ืื– ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืจื "ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐื›ึนืจึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื“, ื›ื‘), ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• "ืจึทืง ืขึทื ื—ึธื›ึธื ื•ึฐื ึธื‘ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“, ื•).


ื’ื ืื ื ื—ื˜ื ืœื”' ื™ืชืขืœื” ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื ื ื™ื— ื‘ืฆื“ ืœืจื’ืข ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืฉืžื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืœืงื˜ ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ื ืœืžืงืจืื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื’ืื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ืื ืจืง ื™ืฉืœืžื• ืœื• ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืื™ืจ-ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืฉ"ื™. ื•ืืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื— ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื˜ื•ื ืฉืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ื”ืงืฆื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ืžืช ืžื™ืื•ืก, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื“ื•ืข, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืชืžื›ืจื• ืœืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ืฉื”ื ืžืงืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžึผึตืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืืช ืกื›ืœื•ืชื.


ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ืจื”-ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ื, ืœื•): "ื•ืืชื” ื“ืข ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ื ื‘ื“ืขืชืš ื’ืฉืžื•ืช ืื• ืžืื•ืจืข ืžืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ื ืš ืžืงื ื ื•ืžื›ืขื™ืก ื•ืงื•ื“ื— ืืฉ ื•ืžืขืœื” ื—ึตืžึธื” ื•ืฉื•ื ื ื•ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ืฆืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”".


"ื–ึตื›ึถืจ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึตื ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื™ึดืจึฐืงึธื‘" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™, ื–), "ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธื– ืึถื”ึฐืคึผึนืšึฐ ืึถืœ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืฉื‚ึธืคึธื” ื‘ึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ืœึดืงึฐืจึนื ื›ึปืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ื”' ืœึฐืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึน ืฉืึฐื›ึถื ืึถื—ึธื“" (ืฆืคื ื™ื” ื’, ื˜).

ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉื™ ืžื”ืจืžื‘ื - ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
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