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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื "ืš?

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 17 ื‘ืื•ื’ืณ 2023

ืื—ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืœื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื "ืš. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืืฆืื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื "ืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืขื™ืœื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจืช ื“ืจืฉื ื™, ืžืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืคืœืคื•ืœ ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืžื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืš ืืช ืกืคืจ-ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกืคืจื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื? ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื’ืื ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื”, ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืขื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•! ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช.


ื. ืื”ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ


ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืชื "ืš ืคื–ื•ืจื•ืช ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืขืžึผึตื ื• ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ืขื-ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื”ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื, ื•ืืกื‘ื™ืจ: ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื, ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ื›ืœ ืขืจืš ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ: ื›ืžื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขืžึผึตื ื• ื›ืขื-ื—ื›ื-ื•ื ื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื™ื ื•ืชื โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืืžืฆืขื™, ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื ืžืžืŸ ืืช ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื”? ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช!


ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ื™, ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ื—ื›ืžื”, ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื•ืžื•ืคืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ื™ื™ ืžื•ืคืช ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ื™ืขื“ ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื•. ื•ื–ื• ื”ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืชื•ืจืชื ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืจืช-ืžื™ื ื•ืชื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจืช-ืืžืช, ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™? ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืืช ืขืžึผึตื ื• ืžื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•! ืืœื, ืชื•ืจืชื ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืจื•ืฆืฆืช ื‘ืžื’ืคื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ืชื ื•, ื•ืืฃ ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื.


ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื”ื’ืœื•ืชื™ ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™. ื–ื›ื•ืจื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื” ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืชื‘ืข ืžืชื ื•ืขืช "ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช" ืฉืœื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”"ื’ืื•ื ื™ื". ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืขืœื” ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืž"ื ืืžื ื™ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช", ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืื—ืช, ื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืขืœื” ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืื™ื’ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืกืžื›ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื’ืจืช ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช, ืจืื•: 'ื”ืื™ื’ืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื™ืคืช ืœื™ืคืช'); ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืื•ืชื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืื•ืกืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžื•ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืืฃ ื”ื ืœืงื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืืกืจื• ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20, ื•ื”ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื•ืข... ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“, ืจืื•: "ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”".


ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1920โ€“1925 ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ืจื˜ ืกืžื•ืืœ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื ื“ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืึดืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืืš ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื• ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ืืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื•ืชื ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื’ืœื•ืชื™ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืืกืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆืืŸ ืžืจืขื™ืชื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื‘. ื”ืขืจืฆืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื


ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื™ื”ื. ื”ืชื "ืš ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืฅ ืฉื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื•ืจื-ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืชื "ืš ื’ื ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจืช ืืžืช ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืืžืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื˜ื™ื™ื—ืช ืื• ืžื›ืกื” ืขืœ ืคืฉืขื™ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื”. ืžื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื ืžืงืจื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืœื ืžืชืื™ื, ืžืกื•ืœืง ื•ื ืขื ืฉ ืœืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื.


ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื‘ืชื "ืš ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืช, ืืœื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ื•ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื”ื“ืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื”. ื”ืชื "ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื ืจื—ืงื• ืžืขืœ ื”' ื•ืคืฉืขื• ื‘ืคืฉืขื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืฉืืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืงืžื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื‘ื”: ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉ"ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”" ื”ื™ื• ื”ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ?


ืขื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœืžื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื: ื”ืขืจืฆืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื "ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ", ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ื˜ืื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื’ื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื, ื›ืœ ืžืœืžื•ืœ ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ ืžืคื™ื”ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฆื ืžืคื™-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื•ืœืœื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช (ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืžืจื• ืœืš ืขืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ). ืื ืชืขืจืขืจ ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื ื”ืจืงื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืก ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจืขืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืชื "ืš ืžืขืจืขืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื”.


ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื, ืื—ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืข"ื” ืขืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืขื:


"ืฆึนืคึธื™ื• [=ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ื“ืช, ื”ื›ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ] ืขึดื•ึฐืจึดื™ื ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื, ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึธืขื•ึผ [ืืช ื”'], ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื›ึผึฐืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึดืœึผึฐืžึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ื•ึผื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืœึดื ึฐื‘ึผึนื—ึท, ื”ึนื–ึดื™ื ืฉืึนื›ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืึนื”ึฒื‘ึตื™ ืœึธื ื•ึผื. ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึฐึผืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทื–ึตึผื™ ื ึถืคึถืฉื ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืฉึธื‚ื‘ึฐืขึธื”, ื•ึฐื”ึตืžึธึผื” ืจึนืขึดื™ื [ื•ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื‚ืจืจื”, ื•ื™ื—ื“-ืขื-ื–ืืช] ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ [ืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช], ื›ึปึผืœึธึผื ืœึฐื“ึทืจึฐื›ึธึผื ืคึธึผื ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐื‘ึดืฆึฐืขื•ึน ืžึดืงึธึผืฆึตื”ื•ึผ" (ื™ืฉ' ื ื•, ื™โ€“ื™ื). ื•ืฉื ืชืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืข"ื”: "ื•ึฐื›ึทืœึฐ๏ฌฑึทื™ึธื ืชึทึผืงึดื™ืคึตื™ ื ึทืคึฐ๏ฌชึธืŸ ืœึธื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืžึดืกึฐ๏ฌฑึทืข, ื•ึฐืึดื ึผ๏ฌตืŸ ืžึทื‘ึฐืึฒ๏ฌชึดื™ืŸ ืœึธื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐืึดืกึฐ๏ญŠึท๏ฌปึธืœึธื, ๏ฌปึปืœึฐึผื”๏ญ‹ืŸ ๏ฌฒึฐื‘ึทืจ ืœึธืงึณื‘ึตื™ืœ ื๏ญ‹ืจึฐื—ึตื™๏ฌด ๏ฌฒึฐืœ๏ญ‹, ๏ฌฒึฐื‘ึทืจ ืœึฐืžึดื™๏ฌฑึทื– ืžึธืž๏ญ‹ื ึตื™๏ฌด ๏ฌณึฐื™ึด๏ฌซึฐืจึธืึตืœ". ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืข ื•ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืข"ื”, ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื ื” ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืขื "ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืื™ืœืžื™ื" ื•"ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืขื–ื™ ื ืคืฉ"!


ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื›ื” (ื’, ื˜โ€“ื™ื):


"ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึผ ื ึธื ื–ึนืืช ืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึผืงึฐืฆึดื™ื ึตื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืžึฒืชึทืขึฒื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึธื” ื™ึฐืขึทืงึผึตืฉืื•ึผ, ื‘ึผึนื ึถื” ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื•ึฐืœึธื” [ื•ืฉื ืชืจื’ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: "๏ฌณึฐื‘ึธื ึทืŸ ๏ฌฑึธ๏ญŠึตื™ื”๏ญ‹ืŸ ๏ฌฑึฐืฆึดื™๏ญ‹ืŸ ๏ฌฑึฐื“ึทื ืึฒ๏ฌชึดื™ื“ ื•ึดื™ืจ๏ฌต๏ฌชึฐืœึถื ๏ฌฑึฐื ึดื›ืœึดื™ืŸ", ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื], ืจึธืืฉืึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึนื—ึทื“ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึนื”ึฒื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื—ึดื™ืจ ื™ื•ึนืจื•ึผ ื•ึผื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื™ึดืงึฐืกึนืžื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืขึตื ื•ึผ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื”ึฒืœื•ึนื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืœึนื ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึธืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืจึธืขึธื”, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐืœึทืœึฐื›ึถื ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืฉื‚ึธื“ึถื” ืชึตื—ึธืจึตืฉื ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืขึดื™ึผึดื™ืŸ ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืœึฐื‘ึธืžื•ึนืช ื™ึธืขึทืจ".


ืžื™ื›ื” ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืœื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ ื”ืงื•ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืฃ. ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœื™ ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืชื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื“ื•ื ื—ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: "ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึตืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึฐืœึดื™ึผึธืขึทืœ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ [...] ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ื”ึทื ึผึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืึฒืฆื•ึผ [...] ื›ึผึดื™ ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืœึทื”ึฒืžึดื™ืชึธื" (ืฉ"ื ืคืจืง ื‘).


ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืงึผึธื˜ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื›ึผึปืœึผึนื” ื‘ึผึนืฆึตืขึท ื‘ึผึธืฆึทืข ืžึดื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึนื” ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืฉึผืึธืงึถืจ" (ื™ืจ' ื—, ื™); "ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึถื™ื”ึธ ืคึนึผื—ึฒื–ึดื™ื ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื‘ึนึผื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืช ื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื—ึดืœึฐึผืœื•ึผ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึธืžึฐืกื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”" (ืฆืค' ื’, ื“); "ื•ึฐืึทืชึถึผื ืกึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึดื›ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐืชึถึผื ืจึทื‘ึดึผื™ื ื‘ึทึผืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉึดืื—ึทืชึถึผื ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืช ื”ึทืœึตึผื•ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื ึดื‘ึฐื–ึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉึฐืืคึธืœึดื™ื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื›ึฐึผืคึดื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึตื™ื ึฐื›ึถื ืฉึนืืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืึถืช ื“ึฐึผืจึธื›ึทื™ ื•ึฐื ึนืฉึฐื‚ืึดื™ื ืคึธึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”" (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘, ื—โ€“ื˜).


"ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึทืšึฐ ื“ึผึทืœึผึดื™ื ื”ึตื ื ื•ึนืึฒืœื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื, ืึตืœึฒื›ึธื” ืœึผึดื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒื“ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึตืžึผึธื” ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึทืšึฐ ื”ึตืžึผึธื” ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธื• ืฉืึธื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึนืœ ื ึดืชึผึฐืงื•ึผ ืžื•ึนืกึตืจื•ึนืช" (ื™ืจ' ื”, ื“โ€“ื”); "ื•ึธืึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื›ึทึผืจึฐืžึถืœ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ืคึดึผืจึฐื™ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ ื•ึทืชึธึผื‘ึนืื•ึผ ื•ึทืชึฐึผื˜ึทืžึฐึผืื•ึผ ืึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึดื™ ืฉึทื‚ืžึฐืชึถึผื ืœึฐืชื•ึนืขึตื‘ึธื”. ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืœึนื ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึทื™ึตึผื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐืชึนืคึฐืฉึตื‚ื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืœึนื ื™ึฐื“ึธืขื•ึผื ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึธืจึนืขึดื™ื ืคึธึผืฉึฐืืขื•ึผ ื‘ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื ึดื‘ึฐึผืื•ึผ ื‘ึทื‘ึทึผืขึทืœ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืขึดืœื•ึผ ื”ึธืœึธื›ื•ึผ, ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ืขึนื“ ืึธืจึดื™ื‘ ืึดืชึฐึผื›ึถื ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืึธืจึดื™ื‘ [...] ื›ึฐึผื‘ึนืฉึถืืช ื’ึทึผื ึธึผื‘ ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดืžึธึผืฆึตื ื›ึตึผืŸ ื”ึนื‘ึดื™ืฉืื•ึผ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึตืžึธึผื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ื”ึถื ืฉึธื‚ืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื›ึนื”ึฒื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึผื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึตื™ื”ึถื, ืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึธืขึตืฅ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐืœึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืึทืชึฐึผ ื™ึฐืœึดื“ึฐืชึธึผื ื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™ ืคึธื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ืขึนืจึถืฃ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืคึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึตืช ืจึธืขึธืชึธื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ" (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืคืจืง ื‘), ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ืจ.


"ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื˜ึทื— ืžึตืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืžึตื”ึทืฉื‚ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึนืชึธื" (ื™ืฉ' ืžื“, ื™ื—).


ื’. ื’ื™ื•ืก ืœืฆื‘ื ื•ืœืžืœื—ืžื”


ื”ืชื "ืš ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื’ื ืชื” ื›ืขืจืš ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื "ืš ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืœืœื ื—ืช, ื’ื ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืข"ื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื. ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื—ื ืขื– ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืจื’ ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆืจื™ ืืœื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืง, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืกืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื’ื’ ืžืœืš ืขืžืœืง? ื”ืื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืกืฃ ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื• ื‘ืื‘ื—ืช ื—ืจื‘ ืื—ืช?


ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืชื "ืš ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืจื, ื”ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”' ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืชืคืกืช ื‘ืชื "ืš ื›ืขืจืš ื ืขืœื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ึตืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ื ืœื—ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื ืžืชื—ืช ื‘ืชื "ืš ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœืื—ื™ื”ื ื•ื ืžื ืขื• ืžืœืฆืืช ืœืขื–ืจืชื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื”ืชื "ืš ืกื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ!


ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืคื•ื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืจืš ื”ืฆื‘ื ืขื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื? ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”? ืœืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœืœื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืจื ืกืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”? ื•ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”", ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉืจื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ื–ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื‘, ื•ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื’ื ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืœืœื ื—ืช. "ืขึตืช ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึฐืขึตืช ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื" (ืงื”' ื’, ื—). ื•ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื”ื ืขืœื” ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืฆื‘ื, ืจืื•: "ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช".


ื“. ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื”ื‘ืชื”


ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื "ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืœืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ ืขืžืœ ืฉืขืžืœื• ืœืคืจื ืกืชื ื•ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืชื "ืš ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืžืื“ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื›ืขืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืื“ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ื›ืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ื‘ื•ืจืื•! ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื? ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ "ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš" ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื˜ืื™ืช ืžืกืชื™ืจ ื–ืืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืฆื ืœื• "ืฉื ืจืข" ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ื’ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืกื•ื’ ื’' ื•ื™ืขืจื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•: ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืœืกื•ื’ ื’' ื•ื‘ืกืคื™ื’ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชื ืฉืื•ืช.


"ืึทืฉืึฐืจึตื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึฐืจึตื ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื”ึทื”ึนืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื•, ื™ึฐื’ึดื™ืขึท ื›ึผึทืคึผึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึนืื›ึตืœ ืึทืฉืึฐืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ [...] ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื›ึดื™ ื›ึตืŸ ื™ึฐื‘ึนืจึทืšึฐ ื’ึผึธื‘ึถืจ ื™ึฐืจึตื ื™ึฐื™ึธ" (ืชื”' ืงื›ื—), ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืืคื•ื, ืฉืžืขืœืช ื™ืจืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื ืงืฉืจื” ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื”! ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” (ื’, ื™ื), ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”:


"ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืจื ืก ืžืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื [=ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“], ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื™ึฐื’ึดื™ืขึท ื›ึผึทืคึผึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึนืื›ึตืœ ืึทืฉืึฐืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ' [ืชื”' ืงื›ื—, ื‘] โ€“ ืืฉืจื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ [ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ื”ืคืจื ืกื” ื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื!]".


ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื’ื ืื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ึผืจ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืืš ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืœืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืœืงื•ืคื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื•ื›ึนื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื (ื™, ื˜ื–โ€“ื™ื˜):


[ื˜ื–] "ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ื“ื—ื•ืง ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• [=ื™ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง] ื•ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื‘ืฆืขืจ [=ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš!] ื•ืืœ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืœื™ืš ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืืžืจื•: 'ืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชืš ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืืœ ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช' [ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื’ ืข"ื]. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ึฐื”ึถืขึฑื ึดื™ ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื•ืœืช, ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื•ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืœืขื: 'ื—ื›ื ืื ื™' ื•'ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื™' ื•'ื›ื”ืŸ ืื ื™' โ€“ 'ืคืจื ืกื•ื ื™', ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื™ื•ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื".


[ื™ื–] "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœึทื’ึทึผื ึผื•ึนืช, ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืฉืืœื•ึผ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื ื›ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื".


[ื™ื—] "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ [ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชืขืฆืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืขื™ื ื• ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•] ื•ืžืจืžื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœ โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืช ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืงื ื” [ืืœื] ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ 'ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื”ึทื’ึถึผื‘ึถืจ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื— ื‘ึธึผืึธื“ึธื' [ื™ืจ' ื™ื–, ื”]. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื-ืื-ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ืื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขืœื™-ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื’ื™ืก ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืฆืขืจื• ืืœื ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืื•ืช".


[ื™ื˜] "ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืฆื™ืขืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื“ื—ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืขื”, ื•ื—ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ ืฆืขืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ โ€“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืช ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคืจื ืก ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ-ื›ื™ื•ืฆื-ื‘ื• ื ืืžืจ: 'ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ึทื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื— ื‘ึผึทื™ื™ึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืžึดื‘ึฐื˜ึทื—ื•ึน' [ื™ืจ' ื™ื–, ื–]".


ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืกืง ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืชื ื”:


"ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžืชื ื” ืžืื“ื, ืืœื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื”' ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•, ืœื ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐืฉื‚ื•ึนื ึตื ืžึทืชึผึธื ึนืช ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื”' [ืžืฉ' ื˜ื•, ื›ื–]".


ื”. ืžืœื—ืžืช ื—ื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”


ื”ึทืขืจืš ื‘ื”"ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืฆื™ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืขืงื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” โ€“ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ื‘ืžืื’ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืžึธื—ืงื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืกืคื—ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ืืœื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช (ื•ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืžืืžืจื™ื), ื•ื”ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืง ืœื’ืคืฃ ื•ืœื ืฉืง ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื™ื, ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืชืขื• ื•ืœืขื• ื‘ืจื™ืง ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืกื•ืฃ. ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื”ื–ืจื” ื•ืจื“ื™ืคืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ืฆื“ืง, ืžืชื ื’ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ืชื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืœืื” ื•ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืžืื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืคื’ืื ื™ื™ื.


ื•. ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืช


ื‘ืชื "ืš ื”ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื• ื™ืฉืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ื‘, ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืžื—ื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื, ื”ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ-ืฉื-ืฉืžื™ื: ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• โ€“ "ืึดื ืžึดื—ื•ึผื˜ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืฉึฐื‚ืจื•ึนืšึฐ ื ึทืขึทืœ ื•ึฐืึดื ืึถืงึทึผื— ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ื‘ืจ' ื™ื“, ื›ื’); ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• โ€“ "ืœึนื ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ื ึธืฉึธื‚ืืชึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึฒืจึตืขึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืึทื—ึทื“ ืžึตื”ึถื" (ื‘ืž' ื˜ื•, ื˜ื–); ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื โ€“ "ืึถืช ืฉืื•ึนืจ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึทื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดื™ ืขึธืฉึทืืงึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช ืžึดื™ ืจึทืฆึผื•ึนืชึดื™ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึทึผื“ ืžึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื›ึนืคึถืจ" (ืฉ"ื ื™ื‘, ื’); ืืœื™ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื โ€“ "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื—ึทื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืžึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืึดื ืึถืงึผึธื—, ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐืฆึทืจ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช, ื•ึทื™ึฐืžึธืึตืŸ" (ืž"ื‘ ื”, ื˜ื–), ื•ืขื•ื“.


ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืžื•ืŸ ืื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื”, ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžืžื™ ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš โ€“ ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ "ืžืฆื•ื” ืจื‘ื”". ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžืื“ ืขื ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžืœืš ืกื“ื•ื "ืึดื ืžึดื—ื•ึผื˜ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืฉึฐื‚ืจื•ึนืšึฐ ื ึทืขึทืœ", ืื• ืขื ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ "ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื”ื ื” ื›ืืœื™ืฉืข", ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื ืขืžืŸ ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ื ืืจื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ื• ืžืฆืจืขืชื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืกืคืง ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžืื“ ืขื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ื•ื”ืฉื“ื” ืžืขืคืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ื•ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื...


"ื•ึฐืœึธืžึธึผื” ืœึนื ืฉึธืืžึทืขึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื•ึทืชึทึผืขึทื˜ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืœึธืœ ื•ึทืชึทึผืขึทืฉื‚ ื”ึธืจึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ" (ืฉ"ื ื˜ื•, ื™ื˜).


ื–. ื”ืชื "ืš ืžื—ื ืš ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื


ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื, ืืฃ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืชื ืžืขึปื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžืขื•ืงืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืคืœืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื–ื ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืชืงื• ืืช ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื โ€“ ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืžื ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื–ืจื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืกืœื”, ืœืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื”ื. ื”ื ืืฃ ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืคืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืื’ื™ืช ืžืขืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื–ื• ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ืื• ื”ื’ื ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื–ื”, ืืœื ืœืฉื’ื‘ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื (ื•ืื’ื‘, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœื ื‘ื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆื•ืงื”, ื•ื”ืฉื˜ืขื˜ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™-ืœื™ื˜ืื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืืฉ ื•ืžื•ื•ืช).


ื˜ืจื—ืชื ื•ืžืœื—ืžืชื ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืืช ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืžืื’ื™ ื•ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”: ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื”ื–ืจืžืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื›ื•ืžืจื™ื”ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื“ ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”, "ื”ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืืœื”ื•ืช" ื•ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื "ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื•ืช" ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช. ื“ื ืขืงื, ื”ืชื "ืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”! ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืžื•ื—ืฅ ื•ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืงืจื™ื ืข"ื” ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ื™ื•ืฉืจื”, ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช, ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื“ืง, ืจื“ื™ืคืช ื”ืืžืช, ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื, ืขื–ืจื” ืœื–ื•ืœืช, ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื—ืกื“, ื ืืžื ื•ืช, ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืขืœื•ืช, ืืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื ืขื“ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ!


ื›ื”ื ื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฆืข ื•ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื "ืš ื”ื ืงื™ื“ืฉื• ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ โ€“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืžืขื ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ื•ืœืขืงื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”), ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื’ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื“ืชื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” โ€“ ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“ ื•ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื“ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช. ื•ื”ื ื” ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื: "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึธึผื” ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึธื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืฉึนืืึตืœ ืžึตืขึดืžึธึผืšึฐ? ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื ืœึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึถืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ื“ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื™ื•, ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืึนืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉึถืืšึธ" (ื“ื‘' ื™, ื™ื‘); "ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื ื‘ึฐึผื–ึนืืช ื™ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึตึผืœ ื”ึทืžึดึผืชึฐื”ึทืœึตึผืœ ื”ึทืฉึฐื‚ื›ึตึผืœ ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึนืขึท ืื•ึนืชึดื™, ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืขึนืฉึถื‚ื” ื—ึถืกึถื“ ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ื•ึผืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื‘ึธึผืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐืึตืœึถึผื” ื—ึธืคึทืฆึฐืชึดึผื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื™ึธ" (ื™ืจ' ื˜, ื›ื’); "ื”ึดื’ึดึผื™ื“ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึธื“ึธื ืžึทื” ื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึผืžึธื” ื™ึฐื™ึธ ื“ึผื•ึนืจึตืฉื ืžึดืžึฐึผืšึธ? ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื ืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึทืช ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึฐื ึตืขึท ืœึถื›ึถืช ืขึดื ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืžื™' ื•, ื—).


ืื•ืœื, ื›ื”ื ื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืขืกืงื ื™ื”ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืจืื™ื ืžืืœื”ื™ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžืืœ ืืžืช ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ื™ื•ืฆื-ื‘ื•, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืžื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืืช ื’ืื•ื•ืชื, ื•ื”ืฆื ึตืข ืœื›ืช ืžืืŸ ื“ื›ืจ ืฉืžื™ื”... ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื "ืš ืžืงื“ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื•ืžื—ื ืš ืœื”ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื, ืืš ื“ื•ืžื ื™ ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืคืจืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื•ืžืฆืชื™ื ื ื’ืขืชื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื”ื ื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื—ื ืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš.


ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื™ืฆืจื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ื“ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจืจืช ื•ืžืกื ื ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ืœืงื™ื™ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื•-ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžืื“ ืžื“ืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ืžื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช.


"ืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึธืขึตืฅ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐืœึธืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืึทืชึฐึผ ื™ึฐืœึดื“ึฐืชึธึผื ื•ึผ, ื›ึดึผื™ ืคึธื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ืขึนืจึถืฃ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืคึธื ึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึตืช ืจึธืขึธืชึธื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืงื•ึผืžึธื” ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขึตื ื•ึผ. ื•ึฐืึทื™ึตึผื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืœึธึผืšึฐ? ื™ึธืงื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืึดื ื™ื•ึนืฉึดืื™ืขื•ึผืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืขึตืช ืจึธืขึธืชึถืšึธ, ื›ึดึผื™ ืžึดืกึฐืคึทึผืจ ืขึธืจึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”" (ื™ืจ' ื‘, ื›ื–โ€“ื›ื—).


ื—. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš


ืœื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆืืชื™, ืฉื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืจืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš, ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืžื™ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื›ื— ืข"ื‘):


"ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื›ืฉื—ืœื” ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื‘ืงืจื•. ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ืจื‘ื ื•, ืœืžื“ื ื• ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื. ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื”ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื›ื, ื•ืžื ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื โ€“ ื“ืขื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ ืืชื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืš ืชื–ื›ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื-ื”ื‘ื".


ื•ืฉื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืš: "ื•ืžื ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืœื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžืฉื›ื". ื•ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื ืคืฉื™, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง! ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื•ืจื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื? ื•ื”ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ื”ื•ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”: "ื•ึฐืฉึดืื ึทึผื ึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื“ื‘' ื•, ื–) ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืžืื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื! ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืจื™ื! ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช-ืจื‘ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื’ืจืกื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ: "ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื”".


ื•ืื ื™ืงื•ื ืื™ื–ื” ืกื›ืœ ืชื•ืขื” ื•ืžืชืขื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื ืกื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื›ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ: "ืœื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืœืฉื ืŸ ืžืงืจื! ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ? ืืช ื–ืืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ, ืืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืจืข, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื ืชืงืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“ ืœืคื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื•: "ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžืฉื›ื", ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื™ืœื’ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืชื• ืœื, ืฉืžื ื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื•...


ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœื• ืืœ ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื•? ืžืžื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ื—ืฉืฉ? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื”ื ื™ื™ืžืฉื›ื• ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉืžื ื”ื ื™ื’ืœื• ืฉื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืืœื”ื™ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื•ืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืงืœื•ืงืœ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืงื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœื”ื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืื‘ื•ืช-ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื”ื!


ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื–ื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ืืฃ ื–ื•ืจืข ืืช ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื˜ื ื•ืชื• ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืŸ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ื™ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืกืจ ืืžื™ืชื™.


ื‘ืจื, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืชืง ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ืฆื‘ืชื•, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืชื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ืฉืื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืงื•ื ืื“ื ืฉื™ืชืขืงืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืงืจื... ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื™ืœืžื“ื”ื• ืขื ืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื• ื”ืžืขึปื•ื•ืชืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืชืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช ืชื—ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื ืจื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืขื•ื“-ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช.


ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืึธื, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ: ืžืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื", ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื–ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•? ืื™ืš ื”ืžืœื” "ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ" ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื? ื•ืœื ืืชืคืœื ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืœื’ื ื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื˜ืคื•ื˜ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ื›ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•: ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ื‘ืขืจื•ืชื ื•ืกื›ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื ืคืฉื™ืช. ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืืฉืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืจื•ืžื ื•ืœืคื˜ื ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ืงืกื™ื ื”ื›ืขื•ืจื™ื.


ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœึฐืžื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืืžืจื•ึน ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•: "ืžื ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ"? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ืช โ€“ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•: "ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช"; "ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช", ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื.


ื ืกืคื—: ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™


ื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืš: ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื•ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ ืฉืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืœืš ืกื“ื•ื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ (ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ) ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจืขื” ืœื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืคืจืขื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื•. ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ?


ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™: ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื•ืจืš,


ืื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืžืคืจืขื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ืชืคืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ืžืœืš. ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืœืš ืกื“ื•ื ืฉืขืชื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ืฉื›ืœืคื™ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืืžืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• โ€“ ืœืžืœืš ืคืจืขื” ืฉืืฆืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืจึทืง ืึตื™ืŸ ื™ึดืจึฐืึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึธื’ื•ึผื ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ืึดืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™" (ื‘ืจ' ื›, ื™ื).


ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื—, ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื“ ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืจืขื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฉืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ืืฉืชื•, ื•ืืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืชืจืขื ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉืœืงื— ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•. ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืงื™ื—ืชื• ืžืคืจืขื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœืœืงื™ื—ืช ืฉืจื”, ื•ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืžืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืชืคืฉ ื›ืื™-ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื•ืžืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.


ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื™ื“โ€“ื›): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึทื™ึดึผืจึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธืคึธื” ื”ึดื•ื ืžึฐืึนื“. ื•ึทื™ึดึผืจึฐืื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืฉึธื‚ืจึตื™ ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืึถืœ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึทืชึปึผืงึทึผื— ื”ึธืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื”. ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื”ึตื™ื˜ึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจึธื”ึผ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืœื•ึน ืฆึนืืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึธืงึธืจ ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึนืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผืฉึฐืืคึธื—ึนืช ื•ึทืึฒืชึนื ึนืช ื•ึผื’ึฐืžึทืœึดึผื™ื. ื•ึทื™ึฐื ึทื’ึทึผืข ื™ึฐื™ึธ ืึถืช ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื ึฐื’ึธืขึดื™ื ื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืชื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื“ึฐึผื‘ึทืจ ืฉึธื‚ืจึทื™ ืึตืฉึถืืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื. ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืžึทื” ื–ึนึผืืช ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืœึดึผื™ ืœึธืžึธึผื” ืœึนื ื”ึดื’ึทึผื“ึฐืชึธึผ ืœึดึผื™ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดืฉึฐืืชึฐึผืšึธ ื”ึดื•ื. ืœึธืžึธื” ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืึฒื—ึนืชึดื™ ื”ึดื•ื ื•ึธืึถืงึทึผื— ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื•ึฐืขึทืชึธึผื” ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึดืฉึฐืืชึฐึผืšึธ ืงึทื— ื•ึธืœึตืšึฐ. ื•ึทื™ึฐืฆึทื• ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉึทืืœึฐึผื—ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึดืฉึฐืืชึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœื•ึน".


ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื”: ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.


ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืืช: ืื‘ื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ื ื™; ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ: CC BY-SA 3.0.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื ''ืš
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